Frost Mitigation Techniques for Tunnels in Cold Regions: The State of the Art and Perspectives

Zhou, Yuanfu; Liu, Min; Zhang, Xuefu; Suo, Xiaoqing; Ma, Yuanliang

doi:10.3390/atmos14020369

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…of the loess-mudstone tunnel in frozen soil regions, special attention should be paid to the safety of the tunnel drainage system and reinforcement structure in operation [23][24][25][26], thereby preventing the swelling of mudstone at the bottom of the tunnel, which leads to the deformation the inverted arch at the base. This thus results in the damage of the lining system and directly threatens the safety of tunnel structure and operation.…”

Section: Displacement and Plastic Strain Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plastic strain is symmetrically distributed along the tunnel's central axis, with the maximum plastic strain appearing at the left and right arch shoulders, the damage results of the lined arch shoulder in the corresponding model test are shown in Figure 16b,c above. In the construction and operation of the loess-mudstone tunnel in frozen soil regions, special attention should be paid to the safety of the tunnel drainage system and reinforcement structure in operation [23][24][25][26], thereby preventing the swelling of mudstone at the bottom of the tunnel, which leads to the deformation of the inverted arch at the base. This thus results in the damage of the lining system and directly threatens the safety of tunnel structure and operation.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Maximum Principal Stress In The Elevation Archmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Damage Mechanism of a Loess–Mudstone Tunnel in Cold Regions

Wang,

Zhao,

Qiu

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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To address loess–mudstone tunnel damage resulting from mudstone swelling induced by water absorption in cold regions, model experiments and numerical simulations were employed to study the tunnel surrounding rock pressure distribution and the stress characteristics of support structures during mudstone swelling at the tunnel base. The findings reveal that the base uplift of the tunnel leads to a rapid stress increase on the arch, and the self-supporting of the interface is insufficient, causing uneven stress distribution on the tunnel. The stress peak value at the bottom of the outer arch is 30.8% of that at the inner side. The internal force of the tunnel lining at the arch crown is the largest. The compressive stress appears at the arch feet, while the tensile stress appears at the outer side of the lining. The bending moments of the inverted arch are larger than those of the arch shoulders and arch crown. The left arch shoulder and arch bottom are primarily subjected to negative bending moments, and the maximum values are about −500 kN·m and −400 kN·m, respectively. The left side of the inverted arch is first to crack, and two main cracks then appeared at the left and right arch shoulders, respectively. The formation and development of the longitudinal cracks in the arch induced by water absorption cause the inverted arch bulge failure. This study helps understand the damage mechanism of the loess–mudstone tunnel in cold regions.

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Section: Displacement and Plastic Strain Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of the Maximum Principal Stress In The Elevation Archmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Damage Mechanism of a Loess–Mudstone Tunnel in Cold Regions

Wang,

Zhao,

Qiu

et al. 2023

Atmosphere

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“…Moreover, due to extreme climate, environmental conditions, and other geological factors, these areas are more susceptible to severe frost damage, resulting in unstable tunnel rock frost heave, slope erosion, and collapse [14] . For instance, out of the 15,117 tunnels in China, the proportion of rock freezing damage is as high as 52.4% [15] . This phenomenon is primarily caused by the combined effect of freeze-thaw cycles and dynamic loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning Algorithms in Rock Strength Prediction: A Novel Method for Evaluating Dynamic Compressive Strength of Rocks Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Lv,

Zhang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The combined impact of freeze-thaw cycles and dynamic loads significantly influences the long-term durability of rock engineering in high-cold regions. Consequently, investigating the dynamic compressive strength (DCS) of rocks subjected to freeze-thaw cycles has emerged as a crucial area of scientific research to advance rock engineering construction in cold regions. Presently, the determination of the DCS of rocks under freeze-thaw cycles primarily relies on indoor experiments. However, this approach has faced criticism due to its drawbacks, including prolonged duration, high costs, and reliance on rock samples. To address these limitations, the exploration of using artificial intelligence technology to develop more accurate and convenient DCS prediction models for rocks under freeze-thaw cycles is a promising attempt. In this context, this paper introduces a DCS prediction model for rocks under freeze-thaw cycles, which integrates the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) with Random Forest (RF). Firstly, employing a dataset of 216 samples, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is utilized to reduce the dimensionality of ten influential factors. Subsequently, five optimization algorithms are employed to optimize the hyperparameters of both the BP and RF algorithms. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation and comparative analysis are carried out to assess the predictive performance of the optimized model, using evaluation metrics such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Coefficient of Determination (R2).The research findings demonstrate that the SSA-RF model exhibits the best predictive performance, surpassing the other nine models in terms of generalization. The prediction model proposed in this study has good applicability for predicting DCS of freeze-thaw rock in cold regions, and also provides new ideas for the combination of machine learning and rock mass engineering in cold regions.

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Nonuniform frost heave of saturated porous rocks in cold regions during cyclic unidirectional freeze-thaw: influence of the temperature gradient

Xia,

Cao,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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Frost Mitigation Techniques for Tunnels in Cold Regions: The State of the Art and Perspectives

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Damage Mechanism of a Loess–Mudstone Tunnel in Cold Regions

Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Damage Mechanism of a Loess–Mudstone Tunnel in Cold Regions

Machine Learning Algorithms in Rock Strength Prediction: A Novel Method for Evaluating Dynamic Compressive Strength of Rocks Under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Nonuniform frost heave of saturated porous rocks in cold regions during cyclic unidirectional freeze-thaw: influence of the temperature gradient

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