Frontiers of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) (=3D printing) has emerged during the last few years as a powerful technological platform for fabrication of functional parts with unique complex geometries and superior functionalities that are next to impossible to achieve using conventional manufacturing techniques. Due to their importance in industrial applications and the maturity of the applicable AM techniques, metallic materials are at the forefront of the developments in AM. In this editorial, which has been written as a preamble to the special issue “Perspectives on Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials”, I will highlight some of the frontiers of research on AM of metallic materials to help readers better understand the cutting edge of research in this area. Some of these topics are addressed in the articles appearing in this special issue, while others constitute worthy avenues for future research.

Corrosion fatigue behavior of additively manufactured biodegradable porous iron

“…Compression-compression fatigue tests were performed at a minimum to maximum stress ratio of 0.1, a frequency of 15 Hz, and six different stress levels (maximum stress): 0.65σy, 0.7σy, 0.75σy, 0.8σy, 0.85σy and 0.9σy, where σy is the yield stress (=28 MPa [15]) using an electro-dynamic mechanical testing machine (Instron E10000 ElectroPlus with a 10 kN load cell). The tests were stopped when specimens failed, unless failure did not occur until 3×10 6 loading cycles (which lasted 2.3 days). The stress applied without causing failure after 3×10 6 loading cycles is defined as fatigue strength.…”

“…Additively manufactured (AM) bio-inert porous metals, such as titanium, stainless steel, and cobalt-chromium alloys, have been excessively studied as promising materials for orthopedic implants over the last few years [1][2][3][4][5]. AM provides a unique possibility to precisely control the freeform topology of such biomaterials, which presents an unparalleled opportunity, given that it allows for tailoring the mechanical properties of porous structures so as to mimic those of the human bone [6]. Moreover, the interconnected pores of topologically ordered porous biomaterials support cell proliferation and propagation [7].…”

The Influence of Exposure Energy Density on Porosity and Microhardness of the SLM Additive Manufactured Elements

“…It is based on selective fusion of metallic powders using an ytterbium laser, where the manufacturing process is based on a “powder bed”. During the last 10 years it has become one of the most developed AM technologies [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. Regarding other additive manufacturing techniques, selective laser melting is characterized by: High-dimensional accuracy of the manufactured elements;Relatively low anisotropy of mechanical properties;A significant number of available materials;Low porosity of the manufactured elements.…”

Additively manufactured porous metallic biomaterials

“…There are many more important areas of research that need more attention from researchers. 280,281 Three of those areas Fig. 10 Silver nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of AM porous metallic biomaterials using plasma electrolytic oxidation minimize the risk of implant-associated infections (a).…”