Frontiers and Structural Engineering for Building Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries

Abstract

With the development of flexible devices, the demand for wearable power sources has increased and gradually become imperative. Zinc-air batteries (ZABs) have attracted lots of research interest due to their high theoretical energy density and excellent safety properties, which can meet the wearable energy supply requirements. Here, the flexibility of energy storage devices is discussed first, followed by the chemistries and development of flexible ZABs. The design of flexible electrodes, the properties of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), and the construction of deformable structures are discussed in depth. The researchers working on flexible energy storage devices will benefit from the work.

Doping engineering: modulating the intrinsic activity of bifunctional carbon-based oxygen electrocatalysts for high-performance zinc–air batteries

“…The overall reaction is the metallic zinc reaction with O 2 to form ZnO reversibly (reaction ( 8)). 30 Based on the reaction mechanism, the theoretical voltage of ZABs is 1.65 V. 31 However, in practical applications, the real working voltage of ZABs upon discharge is below 1.65 V and the charging voltage is above 1.65 V to maintain a reasonable discharge current density. The polarization curves of the ZABs are shown in Fig.…”

“…The overall reaction is the metallic zinc reaction with O 2 to form ZnO reversibly (reaction (8)). 30…”

Recent Advances in Porphyrin-Based Systems for Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…Therefore, is the need to develop high-performance catalysts is inevitable. In particular, the Zn–air battery involves both OER and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) half-reactions, so more stringent requirements for catalysts are needed [ 7 ].…”

Metal–Organic-Framework-Derived Atomically Dispersed Mn–N–C Electrocatalysts Boosting Oxygen Reduction Modulated by Anion Exchange of Permanganate

“…To date, precious group metal-based catalysts (PGMs) have served as the most efficient ORR electrocatalysts. Nonetheless, PGMs greatly suffer from intrinsic drawbacks, including high cost, limited reserves, and poor stability, which also constitute one major obstacle hampering the large-scale deployment of ZABs and FCs. − As a consequence, the past decades have witnessed persistent efforts in the pursuit of inexpensive alternatives to PGMs with comparable or even better ORR performance. − …”