Frontal sinus cells: Identification, prevalence, and association with frontal sinus mucosal thickening

Langille, Morgan; Walters, Evan; Dziegielewski, Peter T.; Kotylak, Trevor; Wright, Erin D.

doi:10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3774

Cited by 27 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the study by Langille et al, two reviewers evaluated 1 mm CT axial scans for the presence of frontal cells (type 1‐4) as described by Lee and Kuhn. An overall moderate agreement was found between the two researchers for the identification of any frontal cell, and low to moderate for the identification of individual types of frontal cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frontoethmoidal cells are anterior ethmoid air spaces occupying the frontal recess that may alter the frontal sinus drainage pathway (FSDP) and encroach into the frontal opening and sinus . They may increase the risk of frontal sinusitis . Some studies suggest that it is not the presence of frontoethmoidal cells that results in the development of frontal sinusitis, but rather their opacification .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional computed tomography analysis of frontoethmoidal cells: A critical evaluation of the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC)

Gotlib

Kołodziejczyk

Kuźmińska

et al. 2019

Clinical Otolaryngology

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Objectives Two major classifications of frontoethmoidal cells, Lee and Kuhn and the IFAC (International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification), distinguish anterior, posterior and medial cells. The European anatomical position paper includes also lateral cells. According to the IFAC, anterior cells push the frontal sinus drainage pathway (FSDP) medially, posteriorly or posteromedially. Posterior cells push the FSDP anteriorly. The only medial cell, pushing the FSDP laterally is the frontal septal cell, which is attached to or located in the interfrontal sinus septum. The aim of this study was to verify the IFAC and characterise cells, which are inconsistent with this classification. Design A radioanatomic analysis. Setting Tertiary university hospital. Participants One hundred and three Caucasian adult patients with no inflammatory changes in paranasal sinuses CT. Main outcomes measure Results of assessment of multiplanar reconstruction of thin slice CT. Results Two types of cells that cannot be classified using the IFAC were found: (a) Lateral cells extending between the skull base and the anterior buttress, pushing the FSDP anteromedially or medially, present in 34 (16.5%) of the sides, (b) Paramedian cells: medially based, not adjacent to the interfrontal septum, pushing the FSDP laterally and posteriorly, present in 33 (16%) of sides. Suprabulla cells and suprabulla frontal cells were found to push the FSDP in directions other than anterior 28% and 31% of the time respectively. Conclusions Neglecting lateral and paramedian cells may lead to inconsistent results between radioanatomical studies and impede communication between surgeons. They should be included in existing classifications of frontoethmoidal cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional computed tomography analysis of frontoethmoidal cells: A critical evaluation of the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC)

Gotlib

Kołodziejczyk

Kuźmińska

et al. 2019

Clinical Otolaryngology

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“…However, Lien et al 461 demonstrated an increased incidence of frontal sinusitis in cells that affect the posterior or posterolateral aspect of the frontal recess (suprabullar, supraorbital, and frontal bullar cells) with no association found with type 1-4 frontal cells. Langille et al 465 showed a significant relationship between the presence of frontal cells and mucosal thickening on CT imaging.…”

Section: S63mentioning

confidence: 99%

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis

Orlandi

Kingdom

Hwang

et al. 2016

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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540

867

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Background:The body of knowledge regarding rhinosinusitis (RS) continues to expand, with rapid growth in number of publications, yet substantial variability in the quality of those presentations. In an effort to both consolidate and critically appraise this information, rhinologic experts from around the world have produced the International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR:RS). Methods:Evidence-based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs) were developed for scores of topics, using previously reported methodology. Where existing evidence was insufficient for an EBRR, an evidence-based review (EBR) was produced. The sections were then synthesized and the entire manuscript was then reviewed by all authors for consensus. Results:The resulting ICAR:RS document addresses multiple topics in RS, including acute RS (ARS), chronic RS (CRS) with and without nasal polyps (CRSwNP and CRSsNP), recurrent acute RS (RARS), acute exacerbation of CRS (AE-CRS), and pediatric RS. Conclusion:As a critical review of the RS literature, ICAR:RS provides a thorough review of pathophysiology and evidence-based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment. It also demonstrates the significant gaps in our understanding of the pathophysiology and optimal management of RS. Too o en the foundation upon which these recommendations are based is comprised of lowerlevel evidence. It is our hope that this summary of the evidence in RS will point out where additional research efforts may be directed. C 2016 ARS-AAOA, LLC. Key Words:rhinosinusitis; chronic rhinosinusitis; acute rhinosinusitis; recurrent acute rhinosinusitis; evidence-based medicine; systematic review; endoscopic sinus surgery List of Abbreviations Used

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“…There are reports of presence of a variety of frontal cell types in the recess like agger nasi cells, Type I-IV frontal cells which can cause mucosal thickening leading to obstruction of the frontal recess flow [19]. The percentage of frontal cells varies in different individuals [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of the frontal sinus into the roof of the optic canal: a cadaveric case report

Wechalekar

2015

Surg Radiol Anat

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This case reports a bilateral asymmetrical posterior extension of the frontal sinuses into the orbital roof with an unusual expansion into the roof of the optic canal in a 55-year-old male cadaver. The posterior extensions of the sinus were lined by mucoperiosteum and were separated from the underlying orbital contents and optic nerve by a thin plate of bone. This knowledge of an unusual anatomic variation of the frontal sinus may help understand better the ocular and intracranial complications associated with frontal sinus pathologies.

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Frontal sinus cells: Identification, prevalence, and association with frontal sinus mucosal thickening

Abstract: There is a significant association of frontal sinus mucosal thickening with the presence of FSCs. Independent raters have moderate agreement when identifying the presence and type of FSCs.

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

Three‐dimensional computed tomography analysis of frontoethmoidal cells: A critical evaluation of the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC)

Three‐dimensional computed tomography analysis of frontoethmoidal cells: A critical evaluation of the International Frontal Sinus Anatomy Classification (IFAC)

International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis

Extension of the frontal sinus into the roof of the optic canal: a cadaveric case report

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