Frontal midline theta rhythm is correlated with cardiac autonomic activities during the performance of an attention demanding meditation procedure

Kubota, Yasutaka; Sato, Wataru; Toichi, Motomi; Murai, Toshiya; Okada, Takashi; Hayashi, Akiko; Sengoku, Akira

doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(00)00086-0

Cited by 310 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…This is supported by theoretical work and empirical research in animals, which suggests that field potential oscillations support neural communication and memory encoding, among other cognitive processes (Axmacher, Mormann, Fernandez, Elger, & Fell, 2006;Steriade, 2006;Fries, 2005;Jensen & Lisman, 2005;Buzsaki & Draguhn, 2004;Chrobak & Buzsaki, 1998;O'Keefe & Recce, 1993). Oscillation power and cross-trial phase coherence in the theta band (4-8 Hz) over and within the medial frontal cortex have been linked to a wide range of mental operations including working memory, attention, action selection, and feedback processing Tsujimoto, Shimazu, & Isomura, 2006;Onton, Delorme, & Makeig, 2005;Wang, Ulbert, Schomer, Marinkovic, & Halgren, 2005;Kubota et al, 2001;Ishii et al, 1999;Klimesch, 1999;BasarEroglu, Basar, Demiralp, & Schurmann, 1992). More relevant to decision making, recent work demonstrated that evaluation of decision feedback is accompanied by changes in spectral power ranging from 4 to 30 Hz over medial frontal electrode sites Sobotka, Davidson, & Senulis, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Oscillatory Activity and Phase–Amplitude Coupling in the Human Medial Frontal Cortex during Decision Making

Cohen

Elger

Fell

2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

203

158

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Abstract& Electroencephalogram oscillations recorded both within and over the medial frontal cortex have been linked to a range of cognitive functions, including positive and negative feedback processing. Medial frontal oscillatory characteristics during decision making remain largely unknown. Here, we examined oscillatory activity of the human medial frontal cortex recorded while subjects played a competitive decision-making game. Distinct patterns of power and cross-trial phase coherence in multiple frequency bands were observed during different decision-related processes (e.g., feedback anticipation vs. feedback processing). Decision and feedback processing were accompanied by a broadband increase in cross-trial phase coherence at around 220 msec, and dynamic fluctuations in power. Feedback anticipation was accompanied by a shift in the power spectrum from relatively lower (delta and theta) to higher (alpha and beta) power. Power and cross-trial phase coherence were greater following losses compared to wins in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands, but were greater following wins compared to losses in the delta band. Finally, we found that oscillation power in alpha and beta frequency bands were synchronized with the phase of delta and theta oscillations (''phase-amplitude coupling''). This synchronization differed between losses and wins, suggesting that phaseamplitude coupling might reflect a mechanism of feedback valence coding in the medial frontal cortex. Our findings link medial frontal oscillations to decision making, with relations among activity in different frequency bands suggesting a phaseutilizing coding of feedback valence information. &

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Oscillatory Activity and Phase–Amplitude Coupling in the Human Medial Frontal Cortex during Decision Making

Cohen

Elger

Fell

2008

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

203

158

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“…Medial frontal regions including the anterior cingulate exhibit large theta oscillations that are present at rest, during sleep, and during cognitive tasks, and are modulated by task demands such as working memory, attention, and action selection (Basar-Eroglu et al, 1992;BasarEroglu and Demiralp, 2001;Ishii et al, 1999;Kubota et al, 2001;Onton et al, 2005;Tsujimoto et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2005). Little is known about frequency characteristics of feedback processing, but researchers have investigated the frequency characteristics of response error processing.…”

Section: Oscillations In Feedback-locked Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward expectation modulates feedback-related negativity and EEG spectra

2007

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The ability to evaluate outcomes of previous decisions is critical to adaptive decision-making. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) is an event-related potential (ERP) modulation that distinguishes losses from wins, but little is known about the effects of outcome probability on these ERP responses. Further, little is known about the frequency characteristics of feedback processing, for example, event-related oscillations and phase synchronizations. Here, we report an EEG experiment designed to address these issues. Subjects engaged in a probabilistic reinforcement learning task in which we manipulated, across blocks, the probability of winning and losing to each of two possible decision options. Behaviorally, all subjects quickly adapted their decision-making to maximize rewards. ERP analyses revealed that the probability of reward modulated neural responses to wins, but not to losses. This was seen both across blocks as well as within blocks, as learning progressed. Frequency decomposition via complex wavelets revealed that EEG responses to losses, compared to wins, were associated with enhanced power and phase coherence in the theta frequency band. As in the ERP analyses, power and phase coherence values following wins but not losses were modulated by reward probability. Some findings between ERP and frequency analyses diverged, suggesting that these analytic approaches provide complementary insights into neural processing. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms of feedback processing may differ between wins and losses.

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“…Several studies reported EEG findings concerning Zazen meditation compared to resting (Becker and Shapiro 1981;Kasamatsu and Hirai 1966;Murata et al 1994) and concerning other Zen meditations practicing attention to breathing (Huang and Lo 2009;Kubota et al 2001;Takahashi et al 2005;Yu et al 2011). Most of these studies found an increase of alpha and theta EEG frequency activity during meditation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zazen meditation and no-task resting EEG compared with LORETA intracortical source localization

Faber¹,

Lehmann²,

Gianotti

et al. 2014

Cogn Process

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Meditation is a self-induced and willfully initiated practice that alters the state of consciousness. The meditation practice of Zazen, like many other meditation practices, aims at disregarding intrusive thoughts while controlling body posture. It is an open monitoring meditation characterized by detached moment-to-moment awareness and reduced conceptual thinking and self-reference. Which brain areas differ in electric activity during Zazen compared to task-free resting? Since scalp electroencephalography (EEG) waveforms are reference-dependent, conclusions about the localization of active brain areas are ambiguous. Computing intracerebral source models from the scalp EEG data solves this problem. In the present study we applied source modeling using low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) to 58-channel scalp EEG data recorded from 15 experienced Zen meditators during Zazen and no-task resting. Zazen compared to no-task resting showed increased alpha-1 and alpha-2 frequency activity in an exclusively right-lateralized cluster extending from prefrontal areas including the insula to parts of the somatosensory and motor cortices and temporal areas. Zazen also showed decreased alpha and beta-2 activity in the left angular gyrus and decreased beta-1 and beta-2 activity in a large bilateral posterior cluster comprising the visual cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex and the parietal cortex. The results include parts of the default mode network and suggest enhanced automatic memory and emotion processing, reduced conceptual thinking and self-reference on a less judgmental, i.e., more detached moment-to-moment basis during Zazen compared to no-task resting. Computing intracerebral source models from the scalp EEG data solves this problem. In the present study we applied source modeling using low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) to 58-channel scalp EEG data recorded from 15 experienced Zen meditators during Zazen and no-task resting. Zazen compared to no-task resting showed increased alpha-1 and alpha-2 frequency activity in an exclusively right-lateralized cluster extending from prefrontal areas including the insula to parts of the somatosensory and motor cortices and temporal areas. Zazen also showed decreased alpha and beta-2 activity in the left angular gyrus and decreased beta-1 and beta-2 activity in a large bilateral posterior cluster comprising the visual cortex, the posterior cingulate cortex and the parietal cortex. The results include parts of the default mode network and suggest enhanced automatic memory and emotion processing, reduced conceptual thinking and self-reference on a less judgmental, i.e., more detached moment-to-moment basis during Zazen compared to no-task resting.

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Frontal midline theta rhythm is correlated with cardiac autonomic activities during the performance of an attention demanding meditation procedure

Cited by 310 publications

References 60 publications

Oscillatory Activity and Phase–Amplitude Coupling in the Human Medial Frontal Cortex during Decision Making

Oscillatory Activity and Phase–Amplitude Coupling in the Human Medial Frontal Cortex during Decision Making

Reward expectation modulates feedback-related negativity and EEG spectra

Zazen meditation and no-task resting EEG compared with LORETA intracortical source localization

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