Frontal midline theta reflects anxiety and cognitive control: Meta-analytic evidence

Cavanagh, James F.; Shackman, Alexander J.

doi:10.1016/j.jphysparis.2014.04.003

Cited by 480 publications

(561 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(202 reference statements)

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“…One important implication of this finding is that individuals with larger FMy conflict and error signals (such as in dispositional anxiety 21,49 ) may be more likely to discount the wilful tradeoff of difficulty for reward. Complementary supplementary analyses capitalized on the established but less well-known phenomenon of reward-related posterior delta band activities 19,42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Conflict acts as an implicit cost in reinforcement learning

et al. 2014

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Conflict has been proposed to act as a cost in action selection, implying a general function of medio-frontal cortex in the adaptation to aversive events. Here we investigate if response conflict acts as a cost during reinforcement learning by modulating experienced reward values in cortical and striatal systems. Electroencephalography recordings show that conflict diminishes the relationship between reward-related frontal theta power and cue preference yet it enhances the relationship between punishment and cue avoidance. Individual differences in the cost of conflict on reward versus punishment sensitivity are also related to a genetic polymorphism associated with striatal D1 versus D2 pathway balance (DARPP-32). We manipulate these patterns with the D2 agent cabergoline, which induces a strong bias to amplify the aversive value of punishment outcomes following conflict. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that interactive cortico-striatal systems implicitly modulate experienced reward and punishment values as a function of conflict.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…FMy has been suggested to operate as a common mechanism for MCC operations to events, indicating a need for control (for example, effort, conflict, punishment and error; refs 19,20). These types of aversive events contribute to avoidance and behavioural inhibition, which can reliably be predicted by FMy amplitude 21 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Conflict acts as an implicit cost in reinforcement learning

et al. 2014

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“…A significant body of research indicates that several psychopathologies (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder) are associated with increased neural reactivity to conflict (Cavanagh & Shackman, 2015;Moser et al, 2013;Weinberg et al, 2012)-an effect that is particularly associated with increased worry in these samples (Zambrano-Vazquez & Allen, 2014). However, these disorders are seldom…”

Section: Anxiety Acceptance and Improving Cognitive Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, ongoing research should clarify the relationship between the ERN and other physiological signals that are sensitive to aversive evaluations. One fruitful approach to achieve these goals might be the increased use of single-trial within-subjects analyses that have better resolution to detect trialspecific relationships and higher statistical power than the individual difference studies (Blankertz, Lemm, Treder, Haufe & Müller, 2011;Cavanagh & Shackman, 2015).…”

Section: The Integration and Function Of Physiological Signals Duringmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emotive nature of conflict monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortex

Saunders

Lin

Milyavskaya

et al. 2017

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The detection of conflict between incompatible impulses, thoughts, and actions is a ubiquitous source of motivation across theories of goal-directed action. In this overview, we explore the hypothesis that conflict is emotive, integrating perspectives from affective science and cognitive neuroscience. Initially, we review evidence suggesting that the mental and biological processes that monitor for information processing conflict-particularly those generated by the anterior midcingulate cortex-track the affective significance of conflict and use this signal to motivate increased control. In this sense, variation in control resembles a form of affect regulation in which control implementation counteracts the aversive experience of conflict. We also highlight emerging evidence proposing that states and dispositions associated with acceptance facilitate control by tuning individuals to the emotive nature of conflict, before proposing avenues for future research, including investigating the role of affect in reinforcement learning and decision making.Keywords: emotion; cognitive control; motivation; event-related potentials; negative affect; medial prefrontal cortex;The Emotive Nature of Conflict 3 The emotive nature of conflict monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortexMonitoring performance for goal conflicting thoughts, feelings, and behaviours underlies flexible responding in complex, unpredictable environments. During smoking cessation, for example, quickly detecting impulses (e.g., the desire to smoke) or actions (e.g., picking up a cigarette) that conflict with the goal to quit can signal the need to control behaviour, safeguarding goal progress. Beyond unwanted temptations, conflict is evoked across diverse explanatory frameworks, ranging from high-level dissonant states that emerge when individual's hold multiple inconsistent ideologies, to seemingly lower-level conflicts that occur when stimulus dimensions cue mutually incompatible responses (e.g., Stroop conflict).Underscoring the theoretical ubiquity of conflict, detecting and overcoming some internal conflict or discord is fundamental to multiple seminal perspectives in western philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience (e.g

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“…We know that widespread areas of the central nervous system are part of it processing; however, here we will focus on the core limbic structures that these structures include deep for brain nuclei and cortical areas [1,2]. The key cortical area is the limbic lobe, it is not a true lobe rather, it spans the frontal parietal and temporal lobes, and it comprises arraign of cortex on the medial surface of the brain the finger Lager is and the parahippocampal gyrus [3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain and Behavior – Hypothalamus and Limbic System: The Neurobiology of Emotions

Daisy

2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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It is intuitive to understand how sensory information gets to the brain and how motor information can travel to the muscles together where these two systems allow us to detect and respond to the world around us but how do we engage with that world, how do we determine what is important, and how do we fall in the analysis. These higher cortical functions involve the complex interplay between neurotransmitters and hormones throughout the entire nervous system. There are two major anatomical behaviors; the limbic system and hypothalamus. These structures that support much higher cortical functions hypothalamus is a very small structure but it is absolutely critical for life and it allows us to respond to both the internal and external environment and to maintain homeostasis. The limbic system is important for learning and memory, and all emotional aspects of behavior importantly limbic and hypothalamic structures are interconnected with each other. Let's begin with an anatomical overview of the hypothalamus in the middle section. You can delineate the hypothalamus from the thalamus through the hypothalamic sulcus anteriorly, the hypothalamus extends to the anterior commissure, and the optic chiasm inferiorly and it includes the mammillary bodies and extends to the infundibula stock where it communicates with the pituitary glands. It is a coronal section through the brain. It is the third ventricle, you can identify the thalamus on either side of the third ventricle and underneath; the thalamus is the hypothalamus and it extends laterally to these descending fiber bundles which are part of the internal capsule. The hypothalamus is structurally part of the diencephalon but it functions as part of the limbic system through reciprocal connections. It helps to maintain homeostasis in the entire body through influences on the endocrine system and importantly through its primary influence on both the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems; the limbic system is extremely old from an evolutionary perspective in its connections and it is interposed between the hypothalamus and the neocortex and providing a bridge between endocrine visceral emotional and voluntary responses to the environment.

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Frontal midline theta reflects anxiety and cognitive control: Meta-analytic evidence

Cited by 480 publications

References 146 publications

Conflict acts as an implicit cost in reinforcement learning

Conflict acts as an implicit cost in reinforcement learning

The emotive nature of conflict monitoring in the medial prefrontal cortex

Brain and Behavior – Hypothalamus and Limbic System: The Neurobiology of Emotions

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