Frontal infrared thermography in healthy individuals and chronic migraine patients: Reliability of the method

Antonaci, Fabio; Rossi, Elena; Voiticovschi-Iosob, Cristina; Volta, Giorgio Dalla; Marceglia, Sara

doi:10.1177/0333102418788341

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…A study by Costa et al [16] analyzed skin temperature through IT and showed excellent intra-and inter-examiner reliability for point and linear analyses on the following muscle MTPs: masseter, anterior temporal, suprahyoid, and upper trapezius. In studies by Petrova et al [29] and Antonaci et al [8], the ICC values found in the MTPs evaluation ranged from 0.60 to 0.97, being compatible with the values of the current study in which the ICC ranged from 0.657 to 0.989 in the intraexaminer comparison and from 0.579 to 0.979 in the interexaminer comparison.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is Infrared Thermography Reliable to Assess Pain in the Trapezius Muscle Region?

Moraes¹,

Lustosa²,

Ramos³

et al. 2021

TOSSJ

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of infrared thermography (IT) in skin temperature analysis of people with pain complaints in the upper trapezius muscle. Methods: A total of 82 subjects (24.8 ± 6.9 years; 63.8 ± 13.1 kg) of both genders who had moderate (VAS-3) or severe pain in the upper trapezius muscle were evaluated. Skin temperatures of four areas (ROIs) were analyzed by IT using a FLIR camera (model T640SC - Sweden). Each evaluator performed two area analyses at different times. Results: The evaluation of the four areas indicated a very strong overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both intra-examiner (Examiner 1: ICC = 0.936; 95% CI = 0.905–0.959; P < 0.001; Examiner 2: ICC = 0.979; 95% CI = 0.968–0.987; P < 0.001) and inter-examiner (Measurement 1: ICC = 0.933; 95% CI = 0.902–0.958; P < 0.001; Measurement 2: ICC = 0.979; 95% CI = 0.968–0.987; P < 0.001). The ICC was regular on ROI 3 in the measurement 1 inter-exam test, and the ROI 1, ROI 2, and ROI 4 values were strong; all points were very strong in measurement 2. The ICC was rated from strong to very strong for both examiners in the intra-examiner test at all points. Conclusion: IT was reproducible in measuring the upper trapezius muscle skin temperature, and the intra and inter-examiner agreement levels can be used as a reliable tool in clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Is Infrared Thermography Reliable to Assess Pain in the Trapezius Muscle Region?

Moraes¹,

Lustosa²,

Ramos³

et al. 2021

TOSSJ

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“…2,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Considering that it does not use ionizing radiation and it is a rapid and non-invasive examination, infrared thermography has been much studied in the area of chronic pain in recent years. 3,5,9,10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18]23 Skin temperature is directly related to the blood f low controlled by the sympathetic vasomotor This can be explained because the frontal region of the face is more pronounced than the lateral view, so the difference becomes more evident when there are abnormal vasomotor repercussions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is it possible myogenic temporomandibular dysfunctions change the facial thermal imaging?

et al. 2019

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| Infrared thermography is a functional examination that can document physiological changes such as abnormal cutaneous vasomotor activity in inflammatory and neurogenic pictures related to nociceptive and neuropathic pain by mapping the thermal distribution on the surface of the skin. Objective: The aim of this study was to verify if there is a facial thermal difference between the symptomatic and asymptomatic group for myogenic TMD according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder (RDC/TMD) in a European population sample. Material and methods: Sixty-one subjects between 20 and 40 years (26.2 ± 7.6 years) of both sexes were divided into two groups. The 28 facial thermo-anatomic points were selected and the values of minimum (Tmin), mean (Tmed) and maximum (Tmax) temperatures, average of hemiface temperatures of whole sample, temperature difference (ΔT(°C)) between groups and from these data an algorithm was formulated to separate the groups with greater accuracy. Results: There was an average difference of 0.3 °C of all points when comparing the two groups. The symptomatic group had lower maximum temperature for frontal and lateral views when compared to the asymptomatic group (p<0.05), and presented lower average temperature in frontal view (p<0.05). Symptomatic individuals for myogenic TMD presented a reduction of facial cutaneous blood flow corresponding to lower maximum temperature by the proposed method of analysis of thermal anatomical points. Conclusions: Infrared thermography showed potential to be a screening and complementary diagnostic examination method for patients with myogenic temporomandibular disorders in the daily clinic just by frontal face image. DESCRIPTORS | Anatomy; Face; Facial Pain; Infrared Thermography; Temporomandibular Joint. RESUMO | É possível que disfunções temporomandibulares miogênicas alterem a imagem térmica facial? • A termografia por infravermelho é um exame funcional que pode documentar alterações fisiológicas, como atividade vasomotora cutânea anormal em quadros inflamatórios e neurogênicos relacionados à dor nociceptiva e neuropática, mapeando a distribuição térmica na superfície da pele. Objetivo: Verificar se existe diferença térmica facial entre o grupo sintomático e assintomático para DTM miogênica, de acordo com os Critérios de Diagnóstico de Pesquisa para Disfunções Temporomandibulares (RDC /TMD) em uma amostra da população europeia. Materiais e métodos: Dividiu-se 61 sujeitos entre 20 e 40 anos (26,2 ± 7,6 anos) de ambos os sexos em dois grupos. Selecionou-se os 28 pontos termo-anatômicos faciais e os valores das temperaturas mínima (Tmin), média (Tmed) e máxima (Tmax), média das temperaturas hemifaciais de toda a amostra e a diferença de temperatura (ΔT(°C)) entre os grupos. A partir desses dados, um algoritmo foi formulado para separar os grupos com maior precisão. Resultados: Houve diferença média de 0,3 °C em todos os pontos quando comparados os dois grupos. O grupo sintomático apresentou temperatura máxima mais baixa nas vistas front...

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“…A constant current of 1.5 mA intensity was applied for 10 min, with an applied charge density of 25.71 mC/cm 2 . A monocephalic stimulation montage was used in which the active electrode (cathode) was placed over the cold patch as identified by thermographic examination, using the standard protocol previously described (23). In brief, thermographic images were captured through an infrared thermal camera (model LT3, Zhejiang Dali Technology Co. Ltd.) with a thermal sensitivity <0.08 • C at 30 • C. The subject was placed 1 meter far from the camera in a room under standard condition.…”

Section: Patients and Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible indication on the best electrode positioning for tDCS may come from thermography that involves the use of an infrared camera to portray the body surface temperatures, that might be a possible support for headache diagnosis (23). In fact, a preliminary work on 60 patients with migraine, cathodal tDCS applied over the cold patch was able to significantly reduce frontal hypothermia at 3 months follow-up (21).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, a preliminary work on 60 patients with migraine, cathodal tDCS applied over the cold patch was able to significantly reduce frontal hypothermia at 3 months follow-up (21). In addition, we recently suggested a standardized procedure for the definition of the cold patch, an asymmetric thermic pattern observed in the frontal area of migraine patients (24)(25)(26), that can provide thermographic parameters discriminating between migraine patients and controls (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cathodal tDCS Guided by Thermography as Adjunctive Therapy in Chronic Migraine Patients: A Sham-Controlled Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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To explore the efficacy of cathodal tDCS applied ipsilateral to the cold patch, as determined by thermographic evaluation, in the treatment of chronic migraine. Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive and safe technique that modulates the activity of the underlying cerebral cortex. tDCS has been extensively tested as a possible treatment for chronic pain and migraine with controversial results mainly due to the different setting procedure and location of electrodes. Since the presence of a hypothermic patch region detected through thermography has been suggested as a possible support for headache diagnosis, this "cold patch" could considered as possible effective location for tDCS application. Methods: Forty-five patients with chronic migraine were randomized to receive either cathodal (25 patients) or sham tDCS, for 5 consecutive daily sessions plus a recall session after 1 month. Cathodal tDCS was delivered at 1.5 mA for 15 min in each session. Subjects were evaluated before treatment (baseline, T0), and after 10 (T10), 60 (T60), and 120 (T120) days after treatment. The number of attacks, duration of attacks, pain intensity, number of days with headache, and number of analgesics were collected at each time evaluation. Results: Patients in the tDCS group showed a significant improvement compared to the sham group, during the whole study period in the frequency of migraine attacks (tDCS vs. sham: −47.8 ± 50.1% vs. −14.2 ± 16.5%, p = 0.004), number of days with headache (tDCS vs. sham: −42.7 ± 65.4% vs. −11.3 ± 18.0%, p = 0.015), duration of attacks (tDCS vs. sham: −29.1 ± 43.4% vs. −7.5 ± 17.6%, p = 0.016), intensity of the pain during an attack (tDCS vs. sham −31.1 ± 36.9% vs. 8.3 ± 13.5%, p = 0.004), and number of analgesics (tDCS vs. sham −54.3 ± 37.4% vs. −16.0 ± 19.6%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that cathodal tDCS is an effective adjuvant technique in migraine provided that an individual correct montage of the electrodes is applied, according to thermographic investigation.

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Frontal infrared thermography in healthy individuals and chronic migraine patients: Reliability of the method

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Is Infrared Thermography Reliable to Assess Pain in the Trapezius Muscle Region?

Is Infrared Thermography Reliable to Assess Pain in the Trapezius Muscle Region?

Is it possible myogenic temporomandibular dysfunctions change the facial thermal imaging?

Cathodal tDCS Guided by Thermography as Adjunctive Therapy in Chronic Migraine Patients: A Sham-Controlled Pilot Study

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