Frontal facial proportions of 12-year-old southern Chinese: a photogrammetric study

Yeung, Charles Yat Cheong; McGrath, Colman; Wong, Ricky W.K.; Hägg, Erik Urban Oskar; Liu, John; Yang, Yanqi

doi:10.1186/s13005-015-0084-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Loveday et al also reported similar findings in photographic analysis of 200 young adult Igbos from Nigeria, with males displaying a lower third facial height than females. Olusanya et al in their research also convey similar findings [ 18 - 20 ]. On the other hand, Folaranmi et al in a study came out with an inference that no significant association exists between gender and lower facial height [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation and Comparison of Facial Appearance Using the Golden Ratio: An Anthropometric Study in Preschool and School-Going Children of Santhal Tribe in West Bengal

Ahuja,

Thosar

2024

Cureus

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Introduction Golden ratio and beauty are two inseparable sides of the same coin and have been studied for centuries by the Greeks. This divine ratio is defined as an invincible parameter in aesthetic dentistry to measure looks, symmetry, and balance. Being beautiful and handsome also boosts confidence in today’s children and therefore is a top priority for young growing kids. However, there is no study done to define facial measurements based on the golden ratio in preschool and school-going children that can succor aesthetics in formative years. The purpose of this research was to evaluate facial proportions in the vertical dimension, quantify them in reference to the golden ratio, and analyze the association with gender among preschool and school-going children of the Santhal tribe in the Bankura district. Materials and methods A total of 399 subjects, 198 children of 3-5 years with primary teeth and 201 children of 6-12 years with mixed dentition, were selected from schools in villages of Bankura district, West Bengal, India. The subjects were made to relax in a sitting position and a digital vernier caliper was used to record the following vertical facial parameters: total facial height (TFH), trichion-gnathion distance (Tr-Gn), and subnasale-gnathion distance (Sn-Gn). The total facial height was correlated with sexual dimorphism and dentition. The ratio of Tr-Sn/Sn-Gn was calculated and compared with the golden ratio. The ratio was classified as normal (if it was between 1.6 and 1.699, i.e., normal to the golden ratio value), long (if it was more than 1.699, i.e., more than the golden ratio value), or short (if it was below 1.6, i.e., less than the golden ratio value). This facial analysis based on the golden ratio was correlated to sexual dimorphism and dentition. The data were recorded, compared with gender, and statistically analyzed using the unpaired t-test and Chi-square test. Results The total facial height was larger in males than females in both primary and mixed dentition; however, the value was highly significant in primary dentition. Tr-Sn/Sn-Gn ratios were lower in the long facial category in both males and females in both preschool and school-going children. The values were statistically significant in these ratios for both dentitions. Conclusion The majority of children in the Santhal tribe of Bankura in West Bengal did not conform to the golden ratio and showed long faces. There was a significant association of facial features with sexual dimorphism. Clinical significance The early prediction of facial features in children and its confirmation with the established golden ratio can be considered an imperative parameter to comprehend facial aesthetics and symmetry.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Evaluation and Comparison of Facial Appearance Using the Golden Ratio: An Anthropometric Study in Preschool and School-Going Children of Santhal Tribe in West Bengal

Ahuja,

Thosar

2024

Cureus

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“…It is crucial to develop population norms in order to address the averageness cue and provide information on gender differences and youthfulness (Yeung et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

التداول بالعقود المستقبلية للتحوط من مخاطر تقلبات الأسعار- بالتطبيق على عينة من الشركات المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية

Khamo

Hasan²

2022

UOD

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Background and Objectives: Beautiful face proportions are likely to approximate the Divine proportion or golden ratio (1.618:1). This study set out to determine the facial proportions of adults from Duhok and to compare the findings to what are known as golden or divine proportions. Also, to assess the proportions of males and females who joined up in this study. Methods: 176 participants (88 females, 88 males) with well-balanced facial features and class I Angle's malocclusion were chosen and frontal photographs were taken for them. Facial proportion in height and width were assessed and compared in both genders. The facial golden proportion was established. Results: Based on the results, more deviation from golden ratios found in male faces than female faces. Male and female ratios were noticeably varied from one another and from other world's population. Conclusion: In comparison to the golden ratio, the population of Duhok has balance in facial soft-tissue. Nevertheless, some variables deviate somewhat from the golden ratio.

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Automatic soft‐tissue analysis on orthodontic frontal and lateral facial photographs based on deep learning

Chang,

Bai,

Wang

et al. 2024

Orthod Craniofacial Res

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BackgroundTo establish the automatic soft‐tissue analysis model based on deep learning that performs landmark detection and measurement calculations on orthodontic facial photographs to achieve a more comprehensive quantitative evaluation of soft tissues.MethodsA total of 578 frontal photographs and 450 lateral photographs of orthodontic patients were collected to construct datasets. All images were manually annotated by two orthodontists with 43 frontal‐image landmarks and 17 lateral‐image landmarks. Automatic landmark detection models were established, which consisted of a high‐resolution network, a feature fusion module based on depthwise separable convolution, and a prediction model based on pixel shuffle. Ten measurements for frontal images and eight measurements for lateral images were defined. Test sets were used to evaluate the model performance, respectively. The mean radial error of landmarks and measurement error were calculated and statistically analysed to evaluate their reliability.ResultsThe mean radial error was 14.44 ± 17.20 pixels for the landmarks in the frontal images and 13.48 ± 17.12 pixels for the landmarks in the lateral images. There was no statistically significant difference between the model prediction and manual annotation measurements except for the mid facial‐lower facial height index. A total of 14 measurements had a high consistency.ConclusionBased on deep learning, we established automatic soft‐tissue analysis models for orthodontic facial photographs that can automatically detect 43 frontal‐image landmarks and 17 lateral‐image landmarks while performing comprehensive soft‐tissue measurements. The models can assist orthodontists in efficient and accurate quantitative soft‐tissue evaluation for clinical application.

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Frontal facial proportions of 12-year-old southern Chinese: a photogrammetric study

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Evaluation and Comparison of Facial Appearance Using the Golden Ratio: An Anthropometric Study in Preschool and School-Going Children of Santhal Tribe in West Bengal

Evaluation and Comparison of Facial Appearance Using the Golden Ratio: An Anthropometric Study in Preschool and School-Going Children of Santhal Tribe in West Bengal

التداول بالعقود المستقبلية للتحوط من مخاطر تقلبات الأسعار- بالتطبيق على عينة من الشركات المدرجة في سوق العراق للأوراق المالية

Automatic soft‐tissue analysis on orthodontic frontal and lateral facial photographs based on deep learning

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