Frontal Bone Hyperostosis in Psychoses

The clinical manifestations of hyperostosis frontalis interna: A qualitative systematic review of cases

“…These conditions are listed in descending order of prevalence within the studies: Headaches were found in 51 patients (Elliott, et al, 2014;Andrews, 1942;Bracanovic et al, 2020;CARR, 1936;Chen & Murthy, 2012;Dann, 1951;Dumas et al, 1994;Harding, 1949;Khansare, 2014;Li et al, 2017;Lieberman & Ferry, 1974;Moore & Carr, 1952;NOTKIN, J., 1953;Priyambada et al, 2017;Ramchandren & Liebeskind, 2007;Sacher et al, 1985;Schmitt, 1976;Suárez Alvarez et al, 2004;Talarico et al, 2008;Willison et al, 1993;Yang et al, 2018); Obesity was found in 36 patients (Devriendt et al, 2005;Harding, 1949;She & Szakacs, 2004;Sommers, 1953;Torrealba-Acosta & Mandel, 2020); Vertigo/Dizziness symptoms were found in 33 patients (Harding, 1949;Hasegawa et al, 1983;Moore & Carr, 1952;NOTKIN, J., 1953;Prakash et al, 2011;Talarico et al, 2008); Cognitive decline/ Memory loss/Dementia were found in 30 patients (CARR, 1936;de Zubicaray et al, 1997;Devriendt et al, 2005;Gilbert et al, 2012;Khansare, 2014;Li et al, 2017;…”

“…The symptoms, diseases, and disorders of each patient with HFI were extracted individually. These conditions are listed in descending order of prevalence within the studies: Headaches were found in 51 patients (Elliott, et al, 2014; Andrews, 1942; Bracanovic et al, 2020; CARR, 1936; Chen & Murthy, 2012; Dann, 1951; Dumas et al, 1994; Harding, 1949; Khansare, 2014; Li et al, 2017; Lieberman & Ferry, 1974; Moore & Carr, 1952; NOTKIN, J., 1953; Priyambada et al, 2017; Ramchandren & Liebeskind, 2007; Sacher et al, 1985; Schmitt, 1976; Suárez Alvarez et al, 2004; Talarico et al, 2008; Willison et al, 1993; Yang et al, 2018); Obesity was found in 36 patients (Devriendt et al, 2005; Harding, 1949; She & Szakacs, 2004; Sommers, 1953; Torrealba‐Acosta & Mandel, 2020); Vertigo/Dizziness symptoms were found in 33 patients (Harding, 1949; Hasegawa et al, 1983; Moore & Carr, 1952; NOTKIN, J., 1953; Prakash et al, 2011; Talarico et al, 2008); Cognitive decline/Memory loss/Dementia were found in 30 patients (CARR, 1936; de Zubicaray et al, 1997; Devriendt et al, 2005; Gilbert et al, 2012; Khansare, 2014; Li et al, 2017; NOTKIN, J., 1953; Priyambada et al, 2017; Sacher et al, 1985; Waclawik, 2006); Psychological diagnosis were further categorized by specific diagnosis, depression was found in 27 patients (Harding, 1949; Khansare, 2014; NOTKIN, J., 1953; Otter et al, 2012; Smith & Hemphill, 1956; Torrealba‐Acosta & Mandel, 2020), unspecified psychological disorders were found in 17 patients (Devriendt et al, 2005; NOTKIN, J., 1953; Schmitt,…”

Morpho-radiological and brain endocast analysis in the study of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI): A combined approach

“…In 1953, Notkin considered several types of interplay between cranial changes and reported neuropsychiatric symptoms, one of which was the possibility that the psychosis he had diagnosed in some patients ‘could be the result of interference with the function of the brain by direct action of the structural bone changes’, particularly as he had observed in one case showing ‘definite neurologic signs’, hence suggesting a mechanism of direct action onto the brain, although he also considered more possibilities such as the fact that both psychotic and bone changes could result from common unknown aetiologic factors [ 27 ]. Notkin noted that in favour of this last possibility was the evidence that some of the cases analysed in his study ‘started with various functional types of psychosis’ and that they ‘finally changed into organic reactions’, whereas other cases ‘showed signs of organic deterioration practically from the beginning’ [ 27 ]. A similar causative correlation was more recently proposed by Gilbert et al in 2012 [ 28 ], who, just like in the skeletal case presented here, studied a type-D presentation of HFI, which had even reached a much more advanced stage affecting not only the prefrontal cortex but also the frontal one.…”

“…of which was the possibility that the psychosis he had diagnosed in some patients 'could be the result of interference with the function of the brain by direct action of the structural bone changes', particularly as he had observed in one case showing 'definite neurologic signs', hence suggesting a mechanism of direct action onto the brain, although he also considered more possibilities such as the fact that both psychotic and bone changes could result from common unknown aetiologic factors [27]. Notkin noted that in favour of this last possibility was the evidence that some of the cases analysed in his study 'started with various functional types of psychosis' and that they 'finally changed into organic reactions', whereas other cases 'showed signs of organic deterioration practically from the beginning' [27]. A similar causative correlation was more recently proposed by Gilbert et al in 2012 [28], who, just like in the skeletal case presented here, studied a type-D presentation of HFI, which had even reached a much more advanced stage affecting not only the prefrontal cortex but also the frontal one.…”

Schizophrenia and Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna with History of Head Injury

“…Several papers have noted an association between severity of HFI and the cortical atrophy with severity of psychotic symptoms [ 5 ]. Some authors have observed that prognosis did not seem to be affected by HFI, and the clinical outcome was in accordance with the psychiatric diagnosis.…”