Front Cover

Abstract

European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, causing extensive damage to the spruce forest and timber values. Precise monitoring of these beetles is a necessary step towards preventing outbreaks. In this work, light scattering from beetles is characterized, and the feasibility of entomological lidar as a tool for long‐term monitoring of bark beetles is explored. Further details can be found in the article by Meng Li, Samuel Jansson, Anna Runemark, Jonathan Peterson, Carsten Thure Kirkeby, Anna Maria Jönsson, and Mikkel Brydegaard (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jbio.202000420).

Remote Nanoscopy with Infrared Elastic Hyperspectral Lidar

“…[ 29 ] The spectral fringes from wings can be preserved during spatial integration across the wing, producing a fringed spectrum from the whole wing. [ 30 ] The two or four wing surface normal visits a large fraction of the hemispheres during each wingbeat, and when a wing surface normal coincides with the source‐detector midpoint, a coherent flash appears. This microsecond instance represents one of the rare occasions where the orientation of the insect's wing is known, and an accurate assessment of area, thickness, and reflectance can be done.…”

Discrimination of Hover Fly Species and Sexes by Wing Interference Signals

“…[35] However, the WBF depend on environment temperature, [29,36,37] humidity, [36] and body mass. [9,38] Even for a constant temperature, the relative spread of the WBF [37,39] for a single species and sex is typically 25%, in the best case this would leave room to distinguish 3-4 species or sex of hover flies (log(300 Hz/150 Hz)/25%). Therefore, utilizing WBF alone does not enable differentiation among the hundreds of coexisting species of syrphid flies.…”

“…The polarimetric domain provides sensitivity to microstructural features, [34,40] whereas different spectral bands [41] may yield molecular or nanoscopic information on the wing membrane thickness. [32,33] Importantly, most of the light backscattered by insects is oscillatory and contributed by insect wings, [39,42] and most of that light is scattered by specular reflections in insect wings. Thus, specular flashes can be observed by insects in flight.…”