“…Secondly, the instruments used in recent studies on this topic are very diverse, ranging from the use of concrete non-standardised activities, programmes and instructional strategies such as gamification [ 28 ], either with writing and/or with specific tools such as e-quizzes for formative assessment, among others [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ], specific questionnaires and self-reports, such as those dedicated to excessive and problematic internet use [ 32 ], the use of these tools as a means of peer harassment [ 33 ], to the use of various validated instruments [ 4 , 34 ]. For example, recent research has used DTS-type instruments such as the one conducted by [ 35 ], where 1374 American adults were surveyed in the first days of April 2020 on the use of various digital tools, the result of a much larger research project where the use of 983 Italian adults and 1350 Swiss adults was analysed [ 36 ] in addition to the above. In addition, other research has been specifically designed to examine teachers’ use of such web applications [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”