From Words to Images Through Legal Visualization

Abstract

One of the common characteristics of legal documents is the absolute preponderance of text and their specific domain language, whose complexity can result in impenetrability for those that have no legal expertise. In some experiments, visual communication has been introduced in legal documents to make their meaning clearer and more intelligible, whilst visualizations have also been automatically generated from semantically-enriched legal data. As part of an ongoing research that aims to create user-friendly privacy terms by integrating graphical elements and Semantic Web technologies, the process of creation and interpretation of visual legal concepts will be discussed. The analysis of current approaches to this subject represents the point of departure to propose an empirical methodology that is inspired by interaction and human-centered design practices.

A Contrastive Study of Pre- and Post-legislation Interaction Design for Communication and Action About Personal Data Protection in e-Commerce Websites

“…[11,12,13,14,15,16] The problem is often traced back to the fact that ToS and PP are contracts, and contracts are typically written by lawyers and for lawyers, even though they regulate the mutual interest and relations of lawyers' clients. [17,18,19] In a comprehensive analysis of privacy-related empirical research, Acquisti and colleagues [14] have identified three recurring themes. First, users are uncertain about what privacy trade-offs entail.…”

“…The authors have included some of their own to the list. Moreover, interdisciplinary work taking HCI and legal factors into consideration, address the use of contract visualizations and icons [18,19] to simplify the legalese and the complexity of concepts and terms in ToS and PP statements. We should finally note that machine learning and AI techniques have also been explored to face the challenges of usable GDPR compliance.…”