From Waste to Green Applications: The Use of Recovered Gold and Palladium in Catalysis

Abstract

The direct use in catalysis of precious metal recovery products from industrial and consumer waste is a very promising recent area of investigation. It represents a more sustainable, environmentally benign, and profitable way of managing the low abundance of precious metals, as well as encouraging new ways of exploiting their catalytic properties. This review demonstrates the feasibility and sustainability of this innovative approach, inspired by circular economy models, and aims to stimulate further research and industrial processes based on the valorisation of secondary resources of these raw materials. The overview of the use of recovered gold and palladium in catalytic processes will be complemented by critical appraisal of the recovery and reuse approaches that have been proposed.

Nanoporous Aromatic Framework with Bulky Binding Groups for Palladium Recovery

“…Palladium as one of the precious metals has become an indispensable element in organic synthesis and pharmacy because of the excellent activity of its compounds, especially for coupling reactions. , Meanwhile, palladium is also widely used in fine chemical synthesis, fuel cells, automobile exhaust treatment, and other fields. − Most of the palladium metal is consumed every year in the manufacturing industry as catalysts, leaving a large amount of scrapped palladium. According to statistics, every ton of scrapped automobile three-way catalytic converters contains about 2 kg of platinum group metals, while the average ton of raw ore contains less than 10 g of platinum group metals . Therefore, palladium-containing wastes have become valuable secondary resources.…”

“…According to statistics, every ton of scrapped automobile three-way catalytic converters contains about 2 kg of platinum group metals, while the average ton of raw ore contains less than 10 g of platinum group metals. 6 Therefore, palladiumcontaining wastes have become valuable secondary resources. With the shortage of palladium resources and the promotion of sustainable development, there is merit to extracting palladium from these secondary resources and allowing them to be reused sustainably.…”

Homogeneous Gold Catalysis Using Complexes Recovered from Waste Electronic Equipment

“…In both cases, the performance of the recovered material was found to match or surpass that achieved by established palladium catalysts. These studies focusing on the area of sustainable palladium catalysis prompted us to investigate the catalytic activity of gold complexes obtained as leaching products from gold-containing waste. , …”

“…These studies focusing on the area of sustainable palladium catalysis prompted us to investigate the catalytic activity of gold complexes obtained as leaching products from gold-containing waste. 17,18 Herein, we report the application of [AuI 2 (Me 2 dazdt)]I 3 (1a) and [AuBr 2 (Me 2 dazdt)]IBr 2 (2a) in a range of catalytic reactions, as summarized in Scheme 1b. As part of these investigations, the tetrafluoroborate salts, [AuI 2 (Me 2 dazdt)]-BF 4 (1b) and [AuBr 2 (Me 2 dazdt)]BF 4 (2b), were also synthesized via anion metathesis of 1a and 2a, respectively.…”

“…These studies focusing on the area of sustainable palladium catalysis prompted us to investigate the catalytic activity of gold complexes obtained as leaching products from gold-containing waste. 17 , 18 …”