From waste products to ecochemicals: Fifty years research of plant secondary metabolism

Hartmann, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.017

Cited by 621 publications

(438 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Plants produce diverse arrays of specialized metabolites that govern interactions with, and adaptation to, their biotic and abiotic environments (Pichersky and Gershenzon, 2002;Hartmann, 2007;Pichersky and Lewinsohn, 2011;Tholl, 2015). Among these specialized metabolites, diterpenoids are a large class of more than 10,000 known compounds with diverse physiological and biological functions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Discovery, Biosynthesis and Stress-Related Accumulation of Dolabradiene-Derived Defenses in Maize

et al. 2018

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery, Biosynthesis and Stress-Related Accumulation of Dolabradiene-Derived Defenses in Maize

et al. 2018

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“…Secondary metabolites are present in all plants but have a high structural diversity [3,10]. This diversity is observed within and between plant species.…”

Section: Germination Inhibition Activity Of Crude Extracts Of Mangifementioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of wild mango (Mangifera foetida L.) extract on seed germination of Cynodons dactylon (L.) Pers.

Hillary

Nuringtyas

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract.In an attempt to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides, investigations to explore the potency of natural products as bioherbicides are needed to be done. Mangifera foetida L. or wild mango was suspected having a high content of allelochemicals to support its growth. The aims of this research were to determine the bioherbicidal potency of the wild mango's root, stem and leaf extracts on Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. seed germination, identify bioactive compounds of the potential fraction of the potent extract and determine the inhibitor specificity on rice seeds germination. Extraction was done by maceration using 80 % methanol. The inhibitory test of seed germination was done at the concentration of 0 %, 6.25 %, 12.5 %, 25 % and 50 %. The observation was done every day with three replicates per treatment for 14 d. The potential extract was further fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The fraction having the highest inhibitory effect was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the bioactive content study. Data obtained was analyzed using ANOVA and followed by DMRT. The results of weed germination inhibition showed that IC 50 of wild mango's roots, stems and leaves were 12.2 %, 36.2 % and 16.9 %, respectively. Leaf extract was chosen for fractionation due to its sustainability of the samples. Ethanol fraction gave the highest inhibitory effect. The phytochemical tube assay and TLC analysis showed that the ethanol fraction of the wild mango's leaf extract contained phenols, coumarins, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and quinones. All of the extracts did not show any inhibitory effect on rice seed germination.

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“…In the mid-1980s it became clear that secondary metabolites are de novo synthesized from simple precursors of primary metabolism through elaborate sequences of reactions catalyzed by specific enzymes (for review, see ref. 36 and references therein). This knowledge relieves secondary metabolites of their image as waste-products.…”

Section: Early Chemical Ecology: Why Neglected and Forgotten For Decamentioning

confidence: 99%

The lost origin of chemical ecology in the late 19th century

Hartmann

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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112

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The origin of plant chemical ecology generally dates to the late 1950s, when evolutionary entomologists recognized the essential role of plant secondary metabolites in plant-insect interactions and suggested that plant chemical diversity evolved under the selection pressure of herbivory. However, similar ideas had already flourished for a short period during the second half of the 19th century but were largely forgotten by the turn of the century. This article presents the observations and studies of three protagonists of chemical ecology: Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831-1898, Innsbruck, Austria, and Vienna, Austria), who mainly studied the impact of geological, climatic, and biotic factors on plant distribution and survival; Lé o Errera (1858 -1906, Brussels, Belgium), a plant physiologist who analyzed the localization of alkaloids in plant cells and tissues histochemically; and Ernst Stahl (1848 -1919, Jena, Germany), likely the first experimental ecologist and who performed feeding studies with snails and slugs that demonstrated the essential role of secondary metabolites in plant protection against herbivores. All three, particularly Stahl, suggested that these ''chemical defensive means'' evolved in response to the relentless selection pressure of the heterotrophic community that surrounds plants. Although convincingly supported by observations and experiments, these ideas were forgotten until recently. Now, more than 100 years later, molecular analysis of the genes that control secondary metabolite production underscores just how correct Kerner von Marilaun, Errera, and, particularly, Stahl were in their view. Why their ideas were lost is likely a result of the adamant rejection of all things ''teleological'' by the physiologists who dominated biological research at the time.herbivore ͉ historical basis ͉ plant protection ͉ secondary metabolism C hemical ecology refers to chemically mediated interactions between organisms and their biotic and abiotic environment. It covers a broad range of chemical interactions and signaling processes; major facets are (i) the chemical communication (chemical language, e.g., pheromones) of animals, particularly expressed in arthropods; (ii) the mutualistic interactions of organisms, e.g., plants and animals (pollination), plants and fungi (mycorrhiza), and plants and bacteria (symbiotic nitrogen fixation); (iii) the chemical defenses of organisms, e.g., plant defenses against herbivores and pathogens, animal defenses against predators and parasitoids, and microorganism defenses against food competitors; and (iv) protection against abiotic stress, e.g., plant defenses against damage by UV light, drought, or cold.A major area of chemical ecology concerns the constant competition between the worlds of autotrophs and heterotrophs or simply plants and animals. During their evolution, plants have evolved sophisticated adaptations to cope with herbivores and pathogens while the latter developed similarly elaborated counteradaptations to overcome plants' defenses. Plants produce a...

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From waste products to ecochemicals: Fifty years research of plant secondary metabolism

Cited by 621 publications

References 81 publications

Discovery, Biosynthesis and Stress-Related Accumulation of Dolabradiene-Derived Defenses in Maize

Discovery, Biosynthesis and Stress-Related Accumulation of Dolabradiene-Derived Defenses in Maize

Inhibitory effect of wild mango (Mangifera foetida L.) extract on seed germination of Cynodons dactylon (L.) Pers.

The lost origin of chemical ecology in the late 19th century

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