From Waste Biomass to Solid Support: Lignosulfonate as a Cost‐Effective and Renewable Supporting Material for Catalysis

Abstract

Lignosulfonate (LS) is an organic waste generated as a byproduct of the cooking process in sulfite pulping in the manufacture of paper. In this paper, LS was used as an anionic supporting material for immobilizing cationic species, which can then be used as heterogeneous catalysts in some organic transformations. With this strategy, three lignin-supported catalysts were prepared including 1) lignin-SO3 Sc(OTf)2 , 2) lignin-SO3 Cu(OTf), and 3) lignin-IL@NH2 (IL=ionic liquid). These solid materials were then examined in many organic transformations. It was finally found that, compared with its homogeneous counterpart as well as some other solid catalysts that are prepared by using different supports with the same metal or catalytically active species, the lignin-supported catalysts showed better performance in these reactions not only in terms of activity but also with regard to recyclability.

Facile Synthesis of 2-Aminothiophenes Using NaAlO2 as an Eco-Effective and Recyclable Catalyst

“…[1][2][3] In this context, development of multi-component reactions is of prime importance. [4][5][6][7][8] Substituted 2-aminothiophenes are significant intermediates in organic synthesis, which have been usually employed as building blocks to synthesize agrochemicals, dyes, natural products, and conductivity-based sensors. [9][10][11][12] Moreover, the thiophene ring is also found in many natural and synthetic biologically active compounds.…”

Lignosulfonic Acid: A Renewable and Effective Biomass-Based Catalyst for Multicomponent Reactions

“…As a waste product from paper industry, LS is also an amphiphilic biopolymer, which has been widely used as a surfactant, effective adsorbent to remove heavy metal from industrial wastewater, and supporting material for noble metal for catalysis, etc. [24][25][26] The sulfonic group of LS is usually introduced into the a-position of the phenylpropane structure of lignin by cleavage of the side chain, and can be obtained from LS by a simple proton-exchanged process (Fig. 1).…”

Metal‐Sulfide Catalysts Derived from Lignosulfonate and their Efficient Use in Hydrogenolysis

“…[1,10] Lignosulfonate (LS) is at ypical highly condensed lignin waste from the pulping industry produced in approximately 50 milliont ons per year [9] and easily dissolves in water.L Si s often used as ac heap and renewable material [11,12] for plasticizers, [13,14] corrosion inhibitors, [16] surfactants, [17] dispersants, [18] membranes, [19] and as ac arbonaceous matrix for catalysts and electrodes. [20][21][22] The sulfur content in LS typically varies from 3-6 %, depending on the pulping process, [20,23] and therefore it has been used in the synthesis of S-doped porousc arbon materials and was successfully appliedi nt he acetalization of glycerol [20] and as ac athode in lithium-sulfur batteries. [24] Catalytic fractionation of LS into bulk chemicals has also been widely investigated, and vanillin is already produced on an industrial scale through LS oxidation.…”