From war to peace: Understanding the end of the armed conflict in Colombia

Sierra, Jerónimo Ríos

doi:10.1177/1043463118759672

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…In the words of Fisas (2004: 192), a conflict is ripe when it has reached “a stage in which it is possible to attain a change in both parties’ mentality so that, instead of seeking victory, they now pursue conciliation.” Touval and Zartman (1985), in work developed later by Zartman (1993, 2001, 2009), characterize this ripe stage of a conflict as a “mutually hurting stalemate,” a description closely related to that suggested by authors such as Mitchell (1995, 2011) or Crocker (1992) of an “enticing opportunity” or by Pizarro (2017) of a “mutually negative tie” (Ríos, 2018).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Given these circumstances, both parties used the time bought during the negotiations to strengthen their own military position with the goal of achieving the final victory (Ríos, 2018). Table 1 shows a marked increase in several indicators of violence such as armed incursions initiated by the FARC-EP and kidnappings between 1998 and 2001, while peace talks were going on.…”

Section: The Dynamics Of Conflict and Peacemaking: 1998–2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From green to ripe: Dynamics of peacemaking in Colombia (1998–2016)

Sierra

Hidalgo²,

Medina

2021

Rationality and Society

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Armed conflict in Colombia with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) was only settled after fifty years and several attempts at negotiations. This sequence of events fits the pattern of “conflict ripeness” first proposed by William Zartman. But using a successful settlement as a way to determine ripeness can be tautological. To address this issue, we develop a formal model to identify the level of ripeness at which a conflict is settled. In an overripe conflict both parties end up spending resources in a military build-up that is out of proportion with what they obtain in the final settlement. We show that such overripeness is exacerbated by the access to resources and by the factional heterogeneity within the two sides. We illustrate these dynamics by looking in detail at the attempts at negotiation between Colombia’s government and the FARC-EP. To that end, we combine statistical data, some previously undisclosed, and interviews with some key participants.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: The Dynamics Of Conflict and Peacemaking: 1998–2016mentioning

confidence: 99%

From green to ripe: Dynamics of peacemaking in Colombia (1998–2016)

Sierra

Hidalgo²,

Medina

2021

Rationality and Society

Self Cite

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“…Es decir, las guerrillas optaron por reubicarse en escenarios periféricos, de condición geográfica hostil -selvática o montañosa-buscando entornos cocaleros de impronta fronteriza. Esta reterritorialización de la violencia (Pécaut, 2006;Salas, 2015) dificulta al Estado la consecución de golpes estratégicos, de manera que cada vez más deben invertir ingentes recursos para obtener menores resultados (Ríos, 2018).…”

Section: Crimen Violencia E Inseguridadunclassified

La transformación de la seguridad en Colombia tras el Acuerdo de Paz con las FARC-EP

González¹,

Castillo²

2021

OPE

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Tras el fin del conflicto armado con las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia-Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP), el Estado colombiano está experimentando una transformación en la configuración de su seguridad. Este trabajo intenta mostrar cómo, sin la principal guerrilla en la agenda pública, las circunstancias asociadas a la inseguridad han cambiado. Durante su vigencia, las FARC-EP concentraron el umbral de seguridad en el país. Sin embargo, suscrito el Acuerdo de Paz en noviembre de 2016, afloran otros riesgos que afectan, influyen y transforman el alcance y el sentido de la seguridad. Así, si bien la seguridad nacional estuvo definida durante seis décadas en torno a un enemigo identificado –las FARC-EP–, una vez que este desaparece, la seguridad se circunscribe a otras variables como la proliferación de la violencia, las nuevas amenazas y un cambio notable respecto a los pilares que soportan la agenda pública.

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“…Therefore, it can be compared to the Job shop type of production system, given that highly personalized surgeries are performed in an intermediate production volume and are often related to a high cost. The modern practice of VS can be referred to as a tailor-made process (aortic aneurysm open planning and repair: venous endovascular interventions: amputations) (Dolan, 2020; Isacson, 2023; Ríos, 2018; The Economist, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile ultrasound vascular assessment (MUVA) for remote and conflict areas

Rocha

Pinto

Consuegra

et al. 2023

JHLSCM

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Purpose This study aims to facilitate access to vascular disease screening for low-income individuals living in remote and conflict areas based on the results of a pilot trial in Colombia. Also, to increase the amount of diagnosis training of vascular surgery (VS) in civilians. Design/methodology/approach The operation method includes five stages: strategy development and adjustment; translation of the strategy into a real-world setting; operation logistics planning; strategy analysis and adoption. The operation plan worked efficiently in this study’s sample. It demonstrated high sensibility, efficiency and safety in a real-world setting. Findings The authors developed and implemented a flow model operating plan for screening vascular pathologies in low-income patients pro bono without proper access to vascular health care. A total of 140 patients from rural areas in Colombia were recruited to a controlled screening session where they underwent serial noninvasive ultrasound assessments conducted by health professionals of different training stages in VS. Research limitations/implications The plan was designed to be implemented in remote, conflict areas with limited access to VS care. Vascular injuries are critically important and common among civilians and military forces in regions with active armed conflicts. As this strategy can be modified and adapted to different medical specialties and geographic areas, the authors recommend checking the related legislation and legal aspects of the intended areas where we will implement this tool. Practical implications Different sub-specialties can implement the described method to be translated into significant areas of medicine, as the authors can adjust the deployment and execution for the assessment in peripheral areas, conflict zones and other public health crises that require a faster response. This is necessary, as the amount of training to which VS trainees are exposed is low. A simulated exercise offers a novel opportunity to enhance their current diagnostic skills using ultrasound in a controlled environment. Social implications Evaluating and assessing patients with limited access to vascular medicine and other specialties can decrease the burden of vascular disease and related complications and increase the number of treatments available for remote communities. Originality/value It is essential to assess the most significant number of patients and treat them according to their triage designation. This management is similar to assessment in remote areas without access to a proper VS consult. The authors were able to determine, classify and redirect to therapeutic interventions the patients with positive findings in remote areas with a fast deployment methodology in VS. Plain language summary Access to health care is limited due to multiple barriers and the assessment and response, especially in peripheral areas that require a highly skilled team of medical professionals and related equipment. The authors tested a novel mobile assessment tool for remote and conflict areas in a rural zone of Colombia.

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From war to peace: Understanding the end of the armed conflict in Colombia

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

From green to ripe: Dynamics of peacemaking in Colombia (1998–2016)

From green to ripe: Dynamics of peacemaking in Colombia (1998–2016)

La transformación de la seguridad en Colombia tras el Acuerdo de Paz con las FARC-EP

Mobile ultrasound vascular assessment (MUVA) for remote and conflict areas

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