From vision to cognition: potential contributions of cerebral visual impairment to neurodevelopmental disorders

Chokron, Sylvie; Dutton, Gordon N.

doi:10.1007/s00702-022-02572-8

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…For example, visual impairments in children who have cerebral palsy and other neurological conditions are often treated as secondary to their motor impairments in terms of intervention and habilitation strategies (Oliver et al, 2023). With the breadth and depth of the effects of CVI not understood and overshadowed by other issues, intervention programs may overlook critical areas of concern for individuals who have CVI (Chokron et al, 2021; Chokron & Dutton, 2016, 2022; Wilton et al, 2021).…”

Section: Four Main Driving Forces Behind the Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since interventions need to be individualized and tied to the unique needs of each person with CVI, the development of general intervention guidelines can be restrictive and can be misleading when the underlying causes are not clearly understood. Moreover, since CVI affects the “whole child” and not just vision and visual perception, research evaluating intervention methods must take into account all interaction effects of co-occurring nonvisual interventions that may impact a student's overall function (Chokron & Dutton, 2022; Lueck et al, 2021).…”

Section: Four Main Driving Forces Behind the Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward Removing Barriers in the Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Care of Individuals With Cerebral Visual Impairments

Lueck,

Harpster,

Hartmann

et al. 2023

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

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Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of pediatric visual impairment worldwide. Despite the ramifications on multiple developmental domains and quality of life factors, substantial barriers remain for evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and education of this growing population of children and adults. At the root is a lack of consensus on the definition and diagnostic criteria of CVI and a narrow ocular/acuity-based classification of visual impairment. This article covers four main issues that need to be urgently addressed to make strides toward removing current barriers. These challenges highlight the need for policy change at multiple levels to help ensure that individuals with CVI will have access to appropriate (re)habilitation and education services regardless of their acuity or visual function. Suggested solutions include the implementation of a globally accepted definition of CVI and increased multidisciplinary training programs. These will support international efforts to develop and implement quantitative interdisciplinary assessment methods, identify meaningful and effective intervention approaches, and monitor long-term outcomes for those with CVI. Additionally, sensitive and specific markers can be identified for differentiating CVI from other related developmental conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder. Ultimately, these proposed changes will lead toward improved quality of life for individuals with CVI and their caregivers.

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Section: Four Main Driving Forces Behind the Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Four Main Driving Forces Behind the Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Removing Barriers in the Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Care of Individuals With Cerebral Visual Impairments

Lueck,

Harpster,

Hartmann

et al. 2023

Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences

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“…Systemic complications to prematurity can be caused by dysregulation of growth hormones and oxygen supply, due to an early exposure to external environments, compared to the natural regulations inside the uterus (Scratch et al, 2015;Serenius et al, 2013). Asphyxia during labour and postnatally due to immature lungs, and an increased risk of cerebral haemorrhage can lead to brain damage in PT children (Chokron & Dutton, 2023). In such cases, the anatomy of the eye can be normal but visual acuity is low due to damage of the retrochiasmal visual pathways or higher visual functions, that is, cerebral visual impairment (CVI) (Dutton, 2010(Dutton, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blindness is decreasing among children born preterm during the last four decades in Denmark

Al‐Abaiji,

Nissen,

Slidsborg

et al. 2024

Acta Ophthalmologica

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PurposeChildren born preterm are believed to be at increased risk of visual impairment (VI). The increased survival rate of extremely preterm children may have changed the spectrum of diseases occurring postnatally. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence and causes of VI in an ex‐preterm Danish population during the last 4 decades.MethodsThe study was based on the National Register of Blind and Visually Impaired Children (NRVIC). Ex‐preterms born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks and enrolled in NRVIC at any time between 1988 and 2020 were included. The main cause of VI, the severity of VI and systemic comorbidities were analysed for temporal changes.ResultsA total of 335 patients were included. The prevalence of VI decreased from 26/1000 preterm children in the 1980s to 15/1000 in 2000s. Blindness due to preterm birth is almost eliminated affecting 1/1000 today. Sequelae to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was the most common cause of VI (51% of cases) in the 1980s but decreased to 34% in 2010s, whereas non‐ocular causes of VI increased from 1% to 36%, respectively. More than half of the children (64%) had combined comorbidities and 36% had isolated VI.ConclusionThe improved monitoring in neonatal intensive care units and management of ROP has reduced the prevalence of severe VI due to ROP and almost eliminated blindness over the last decades in Denmark. However, preterm children are still at risk of non‐ocular causes of VI and comorbidities following the premature delivery.

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“…Since the oculomotor system is essential for the development of the voluntary behavior, and its maturation is considered as paradigmatic of brain maturational processes ( 9–11 ), these features raised the suspicion that ASD also included a visual disturbance, so different studies considered the visual deficits in ASD patients ( 3 , 12–15 ). While visual acuity and binocular vision do not appear to be particularly affected in patients with ASD, there is an emerging pattern of subtle visuo-motor deficits in stereoacuity, accommodation and near point of convergence ( 16 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual-motor involvement in autism spectrum disorder: could the stereopsis deficit affect motor coordination?

Longo,

Allegrini,

Gusson

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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PurposeGiven the known difficulty in sensory processing and in motor skills in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and since visual impairment could interfere with children’s behaviour, early detection and management of visual-motor difficulties are crucial. This exploratory study aims to evaluate the visual-motor status in a cohort of children affected by ASD.MethodsThe records of patients affected by ASD and admitted between 2018 and 2022 to the Pediatric University Hospital of Verona were reviewed. Best Corrected Visual Acuity, cycloplegic refraction, stereopsis, convergence, complete ocular motility, strabismus examination, slit-lamp anterior segment examination and fundus ophthalmoscopy were collected and reviewed.ResultsA total of 253 patients (203 ASD and 50 healthy controls) were included in the study. A higher number of total orthoptic defects were detected in the ASD group, in comparison with the control group. Specifically, a higher percentage of stereopsis deficit and convergence insufficiency was observed.ConclusionIn our cohort of children with ASD stereopsis deficit, convergence insufficiency and refractive errors are the most observed ocular conditions. These findings are consistent with the known alterations of motor skills and sensory processing in ASD. Moreover, our study supports the hypothesis that visual acuity is not compromised in children with ASD. As a result, a complete ophthalmic evaluation is highly recommended in children with ASD, to guarantee early detection and treatment of possible visual-motor defects.

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From vision to cognition: potential contributions of cerebral visual impairment to neurodevelopmental disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 158 publications

Toward Removing Barriers in the Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Care of Individuals With Cerebral Visual Impairments

Toward Removing Barriers in the Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Care of Individuals With Cerebral Visual Impairments

Blindness is decreasing among children born preterm during the last four decades in Denmark

Visual-motor involvement in autism spectrum disorder: could the stereopsis deficit affect motor coordination?

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