From Villains to Victims: Fraternization and the Feminization of Germany, 1945-1947

Goedde, Petra

doi:10.1111/0145-2096.00149

Cited by 38 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The need to house US military personnel in the early occupation had the potential to introduce some correlation between the number of troops stationed in a county and the size of war‐induced male shortfalls among the resident German population. But the non‐fraternisation ban in force from September 1944 explicitly forbade the billeting of US troops with Germans (Goedde, 1999), a proscription that was stringently enforced by US area command.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World War II, Missing Men and Out of Wedlock Childbearing

Bethmann

Kvasnicka²

2012

The Economic Journal

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Based on county-level census data for the German state of Bavaria in 1939 and 1946, we use World War II as a natural experiment to study the effects of sex ratio changes on out-of-wedlock fertility. Our findings show that war-induced shortfalls of men to women significantly increased the nonmarital fertility ratio at mid century, a result that proves robust to the use of alternative sex ratio definitions, post-war measures of fertility, and estimation samples. The magnitude of this increase furthermore appears to depend on the future marriage market prospects that women at the time could expect to face in the not-too-distant future. We find the positive effect on the nonmarital fertility ratio of a decline in the sex ratio to be strongly attenuated by the magnitude of countylevel shares of prisoners of war. Unlike military casualties and soldiers missing in action, prisoners of war had a sizeable positive probability of returning home from the war. Both current marriage market conditions, therefore, and foreseeable improvements in the future marriage market prospects of women appear to have influenced fertility behavior in the immediate aftermath of World War II.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

World War II, Missing Men and Out of Wedlock Childbearing

Bethmann

Kvasnicka²

2012

The Economic Journal

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“…In Germany, it is estimated that between 860,000 and two million women may have been raped by members of the Red Army but also by the Western Allies -American, Canadian, French, and British forces (Gebhardt 2015b(Gebhardt , 2019Grossmann 2007;Lilly 2007;Sander and Johr 1991-92). Despite a ban against "fraternization" with the enemy, sexual violence as well as consensual relationships and sexual barter were common, and while marriages in the Soviet zone were not possible, in the American zone, thousands of legal marriages were contracted (Goedde 1999). Whether through rape, sexual barter, or consensual romantic relationships-and despite a high rate of abortions-thousands of children were born.…”

Section: Abortion Policies In Germany and Former Yugoslaviamentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Supposed to be Born?

Schwartz,

Sethna,

Carron

2023

CJERS

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Drawing from two published literary narratives, the German wartime diary by Anonymous, A Woman in Berlin, and the novel based on women’s testimonies of war rape and unwanted pregnancies in Bosnia by Slavenka Drakulić, S.: A Novel About the Balkans, in addition to published testimonies and unpublished interview data by now young adult (in the case of Bosnia) and elderly (in the case of Germany) children born of war rape (CBOWR), this article examines the intergenerational impact of wartime sexual violence. Applying feminist narrative analysis, the authors demonstrate the situation of “impossible motherhood” and experiences of children who were not supposed to be born. The article focuses on the narrative process marked by trauma but also by agency and resilience so as to challenge dominant stories of war and unwanted pregnancy following rape in armed conflict. The authors propose a resolution of tensions around the ethnic identity of CBOWR along their maternal lineage rather than the imposition of the paternal heritage of the enemy.

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“…(Burke, 1953: 317-8) É eta maculinidade uperior (tanto do ponto de vita moral como da própria potência fíica) que a protagonita aceita e para a qual e dirige no final do romance. Petra Goedde (1999) defende que o contacto peoai de militare norte-americano com mulhere alemã ajudaram a tranformar a perceção que o Etado Unido tinham da Alemanha: de um agreor maculino a uma vítima feminina. The Big Rape exemplifica paradigmaticamente eta imagem feminizada do antigo inimigo como entidade frágil ameaçada por maculinidade pervera e perigoo.…”

Section: Mártires Do Bolchevismounclassified

Hordas de violadores. A instrumentalização da violência sexual em discursos anticomunistas alemães da Guerra Fria*

Garraio¹

2012

rccs

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From Villains to Victims: Fraternization and the Feminization of Germany, 1945-1947

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

World War II, Missing Men and Out of Wedlock Childbearing

World War II, Missing Men and Out of Wedlock Childbearing

Not Supposed to be Born?

Hordas de violadores. A instrumentalização da violência sexual em discursos anticomunistas alemães da Guerra Fria*

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