From transitive to intransitive and voiceless to voiced in Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Gates, Jesse P.; Honkasalo, Sami; Lai, Yunfan

doi:10.1075/lali.00104.gat

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Verbal prenasalisation is common in Sino-Tibetan languages. It can be related to anticausative voicing alternation widely found in Gyalrongic (Jacques 2012, Gates et al 2022, as well as in other Sino-Tibetan languages (Handel 2012). Additionally, it is probably related to the now highly productive autobenefactive-denominal prefix nV-found in all Gyalrongic languages (Jacques 2015c, Lai 2017, Gong 2018a.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Pre-Tangut is reconstructed in Jacques (2014), and Gates et al (2022) and Lai (forthcoming) propose some aspects of the reconstruction of the initial system in West Gyalrongic. These works agree that West Gyalrongic plain voiced stops originated from prenasalised voiced stops, in accordance with Proto-East-Gyalrongic.…”

Section: A Possible Solution: Reconstructing Voiceless Nasalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On plosive-nasal correspondences and alternations in Gyalrongic and their possible solutions

Lai

2023

Cah. Linguist. Asie Orient.

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Gyalrongic languages exhibit a series of non-trivial nasal-plosive (or approximant) correspondences, which so far lack an explanation. Some nasal consonants, mainly found in West Gyalrongic languages, correspond to plosives or approximants in their East Gyalrongic cognates. Long considered irregular, these correspondences have never been studied with the comparative method. This paper tackles these seeming correspondences and makes the first attempt to reconstruct them. I propose a series of voiceless nasals to account for their modern reflexes with various articulation manners, and analyse the plausibility of this reconstruction. I discuss the forms in question vis-à-vis their cognates in other Sino-Tibetan languages that exhibit a nasal. I also compare alternative solutions with the voiceless nasal hypothesis.

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Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: A Possible Solution: Reconstructing Voiceless Nasalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On plosive-nasal correspondences and alternations in Gyalrongic and their possible solutions

Lai

2023

Cah. Linguist. Asie Orient.

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“…Noun to adjective: Zanthoxylum → 'be spicy' 3 The only way to decide between these two hypotheses is to take morphological alternations into account. Voicing alternations are found in Rgyalrongic, but only the directionality UNVOICED → VOICED (or voiced prenasalized) is attested (Gates et al 2022). Since devoicing processes are not Table 3 Comparison of the etyma for 'Zanthoxylum' and the verb 'be spicy' in Rgyalrongic languages.…”

Section: Rgyalrongicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sichuan Peppercorn and the Birth of Numbing Spices in East Asia

Jacques

Guedes

2023

EBL

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Sichuan peppercorn Zanthoxylum sp. is an important food condiment, currently used in East Asia and South Asia. In this paper, we review genetic, archaeological, and linguistic evidence regarding the use of Zanthoxylum by ancient human populations. The evidence from these three disciplines converge to suggest that its earliest attested use dates from the mid-fourth millennium BCE, in Western Sichuan, making it one of the oldest spices in East Asia. The paper also discusses how this spice was supplemented, and even superseded, by the introduction of the American Chili Pepper (Capsicum spp.). in the seventeenth century. We further argue that differences in the biosynthesis of numbing compounds between cultivars of Zanthoxylum sp. in northern and southern Western China that are due to deep evolutionary processes may have in turn influenced culinary preferences.

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Kinship terms in Stau

Gates

2023

LTBA

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This paper presents a comprehensive synchronic study of Stau kinship terms, offering a detailed analysis of their classifications and characteristics. Stau kinship terms are categorized into vocative and referential/possessive forms. Vocative kinship terms follow the intonation pattern of other vocative phrases, particularly barytonesis, which involves stress and intonation shifting from the second syllable to the first. The paper explores the distinctions within younger sibling relationships, dividing kinship terms into male Ego and female Ego categories based on the sex of the connecting relative. The kinship prefix æ-, commonly found in Qiangic languages, is exclusively used in vocative and referential/possessive kinship terms referring to older kin (both male and female). The study also identifies specific vocative and referential kinship terms that describe dyads of kinship relationships, similar to Tibetic languages like the Amdo dialects spoken in Stau-speaking areas. Stau maintains a sex-based distinction for kinship terms across all generations. Referential/possessive kinship terms in Gen−1 and Gen−2 differentiate between lineal and collateral relationships, while in vocative terms, only Gen−1 distinguishes between lineal and collateral relatives. Gen+1 consanguineal vocative kinship terms exhibit distinctions for lineal/collateral and matrilateral/patrilateral relationships. However, the matrilateral/patrilateral distinction is neutralized in Gen+1 affinal vocative kinship terms. Gen+1 affinal referential/possessive kinship terms differentiate matrilateral and patrilateral relationships when using a possessive phrase, but not when using the simple base term. Age relative to Ego plays a distinct role in Gen0 kinship terms, both vocative and referential/possessive. Sibling terms are differentiated from cousin terms in Gen0 referential/possessive terms using the tʰɛv(=ɡə ŋə-rə) ‘is a relative’ copula phrase. Regarding cousin kinship typology, Stau aligns with the Hawaiian type in the vocative and the Eskimo type in the referential. The Hawaiian type serves as the foundational basis due to shared roots in both vocative and referential contexts. For Gen+1 terms, Stau follows the Sudanese system, each consanguineal kin with their own term. Gen−1 terms follow the Eskimo system.

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From transitive to intransitive and voiceless to voiced in Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

On plosive-nasal correspondences and alternations in Gyalrongic and their possible solutions

On plosive-nasal correspondences and alternations in Gyalrongic and their possible solutions

Sichuan Peppercorn and the Birth of Numbing Spices in East Asia

Kinship terms in Stau

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