From the strand plain to the reef: A sedimentological–geomorphological study of a Holocene coast affected by mud diapirism (Archipélago Rosario- Barú, Colombia)

Trends and Composition—A Sedimentological-Chemical-Mineralogical Approach to Constrain the Origin of Quaternary Deposits and Landforms—From a Review to a Manual

“…They are in contact with the steep cliff at a right angle. The recession of the cliff is caused by topple and rock fall leading to talus scree at the foot slope (Figure 8e) [132]. Unlike the red cliff of Helgoland, where only mass wasting products form the link between the two erosional products of cliff and rock flat, at Grouville Bay on the Isle of Jersey, Great Britain, bosselated rocky tidal flats are exposed at low tide [43].…”

“…In one part of the coast, the initial stages of erosion by undercutting the vertical cliff are marked by a notch; in another part of the coast next to the aforementioned one, the final stage of this combined action of wave action and mass wasting can be seen in a large wave-cut platform near Arguineguín (Figure 8i). Even far from the mainland, this feature of adjacent low-and high-relief coasts can be encountered in the "Archipélago Rosario-Barú" along the Caribbean Coast of Colombia [132,134]. In the Isla Grande, a narrow strand plain blanketed with bioclastic beach sands and rubble has been cut by the marine surf out of the reef edifice resulting in a cliff coast (Figure 8j).…”

“…In this LFS, the carbonate content, which normally is held to be a marker of the pH value of the meteoric fluids, is cast in the role of a measure of the amount of calcareous bioclasts. One of the most frequent sub-environments in the wave-dominated LFS 5.2 is the reefal environment, with landforms created by, e.g., coral reef builders under the water and brought into the reaches of the waves as the sea level drops and unconsolidated bioclastic rubble is piled on the beach around the reef edifice or scattered across flattened keys (Figure 8j,k) [132,[208][209][210]. This difference is also conspicuously reflected by the degree of textural maturity and the density of the sediment load (Table 5).…”

Influence of diapir structure on formation and distribution of overpressure in the Yinggehai Basin, South China Sea

“…It not only develops in salt paste strata but also in any relatively weak geological body that differ in pressure and strength from the surrounding rock, such as a mudstone in an igneous host 1–4 . Diapirs have been observed in several sedimentary basins around the world, and can be classified based on the type of reactivation and injection material used, such as mud, salt, and igneous diapirs 5–7 …”

“…[1][2][3][4] Diapirs have been observed in several sedimentary basins around the world, and can be classified based on the type of reactivation and injection material used, such as mud, salt, and igneous diapirs. [5][6][7] The relationship between diapirs and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation has been studied in detail over the past few decades. Dimitrov et al 8 analyzed a mud diapir channel at the deep-sea level of the Mediterranean ridge by considering that it provides an important path for the degassing of deeply buried sediments and quantified the amount of methane released from the area.…”