From the origin of life to pandemics: emergent phenomena in complex systems

Artime, Oriol; Domenico, Manlio De

doi:10.1098/rsta.2020.0410

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Systemic crises are shaped by emergent, multiple co‐occurring and path‐dependent causal processes in complex networks (Artime & De Domenico, 2022; Kivelä et al, 2014). A key issue is to understand how macro‐dynamics emerge from micro‐interactions.…”

Section: Understanding Systemic Crises Under a Complexity Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and governing global systemic crises in the 21st century: A complexity perspective

et al. 2023

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Contemporary globalization has fostered human development but growing interconnectivity between societies has increased systemic risks (Goldin & Mariathasan, 2014;Goldin & Vogel, 2010). Systemic risks are risks associated with large-scale failures or changes of a system (Helbing, 2013). Disruptions originating in one country can quickly spread beyond national borders and affect large parts of the human population. Addressing such threats is considered a global public good, i.e., goods with benefits that extend to all countries (Kaul et al., 1999). In the study of risks with large-scale impacts, research has often focused on wars, natural disasters, and existential risks (Ord, 2020). However, crises affecting human societies are also related to economic and social issues, or the cooccurrence of social and ecological phenomena (Folke et al., 2021). In the early 21st century, the world has experienced several systemic events with global repercussions, including jihadist terrorism and the war on terror (2001), the global financial and economic crisis ( 2008), the COVID-19 pandemic (2020), and the current broader impact of the Russian aggression against Ukraine on energy, food, and security (2022).These events have provided an empirical basis to study systemic crises. This article aims at providing a broader understanding of the nature, causes, mechanisms, and impact of global systemic crises and their implications for global policymaking and governance. Such understanding is essential for the provision of global public goods to prevent, react to, and recover from shocks. The article

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Section: Understanding Systemic Crises Under a Complexity Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding and governing global systemic crises in the 21st century: A complexity perspective

et al. 2023

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“…Life is often described as a hierarchical organization of biological systems featuring functions far from equilibrium. , In detail, the subsystems exhibiting a nonequilibrium state gather and form supersystems showing an out-of-equilibrium state. − In the system at the upper hierarchical level, additional functions essential for life processes that were not seen in their substructure can emerge. The cardiomyocyte and heart structure can be a definite example of hierarchical emergence in life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropically Deforming Sandwich-Type Self-Oscillating Gels: A Hierarchical Model Platform of Cardiac Tissue

Lee,

Enomoto,

Mizutani Akimoto

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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Here, we present sandwich-type self-oscillating gels as a potential model for exploring the cardiac hierarchy and derived emergent properties. The sandwich-type self-oscillating gels, mimicking the basic block of the cardiac muscle tissue, consist of the base and self-oscillating gel layers, where the self-oscillating layer at both sides surrounds the base gels in the middle. The sandwich-type self-oscillating gels feature a distinguished deformation according to the equilibrium condition. The shape anisotropically deforms when the system is far from equilibrium (during a Belousov−Zhabotinsky reaction), while it isotropically changes in the equilibrium. Similar to the case for the cardiac muscle, the area ratio between the two components determines the anisotropic deformation behavior. Considering that the self-oscillating and base gels can serve as cardiomyocytes and an extracellular matrix, our study can be an alternative soft material-based experimental platform for investigating how the changes in the substructural properties affect the superstructural functions in the heart tissues.

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“…Overall, while the effects of drawdown on reservoir physics, chemistry, and biology are increasingly being examined (e.g., Deemer & Harrison, 2019; Matsuzaki et al., 2023), less is known about the emergent responses to drawdown that arise from changes in multiple, interconnected ecosystem processes (Figure 1). Here, we adapt the definition of “emergent” from the complex systems literature to refer to reservoir responses to drawdown that arise from multiple ecosystem interactions, which cannot be easily predicted from the dynamics of one response variable in isolation of the larger ecosystem ( sensu Artime & De Domenico, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Drawdown Highlights the Emergent Effects of Water Level Change on Reservoir Physics, Chemistry, and Biology

Lewis,

Breef‐Pilz,

Howard

et al. 2024

JGR Biogeosciences

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Water level drawdowns are increasingly common in lakes and reservoirs worldwide as a result of both climate change and water management. Drawdowns can have direct effects on physical properties of a waterbody (e.g., by altering stratification and light dynamics), which can interact to modify the waterbody's biology and chemistry. However, the ecosystem‐level effects of drawdown remain poorly characterized in small, thermally stratified reservoirs, which are common in many regions of the world. Here, we intensively monitored a small eutrophic reservoir for 2 years, including before, during, and after a month‐long drawdown that reduced total reservoir volume by 36%. During drawdown, stratification strength (maximum buoyancy frequency) and surface phosphate concentrations both increased, contributing to a substantial surface phytoplankton bloom. The peak in phytoplankton biomass was followed by cascading changes in surface water chemistry associated with bloom degradation, with sequential peaks in dissolved organic carbon, dissolved carbon dioxide, and ammonium concentrations that were up to an order of magnitude higher than the previous year. Dissolved oxygen concentrations substantially decreased in surface waters during drawdown (to 41% saturation), which was associated with increased total iron and manganese concentrations. Combined, our results illustrate how changes in water level can have cascading effects on coupled physical, chemical, and biological processes. As climate change and water management continue to increase the frequency of drawdowns in lakes worldwide, our results highlight the importance of characterizing how water level variability can alter complex in‐lake ecosystem processes, thereby affecting water quality.

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From the origin of life to pandemics: emergent phenomena in complex systems

Cited by 24 publications

References 191 publications

Understanding and governing global systemic crises in the 21st century: A complexity perspective

Understanding and governing global systemic crises in the 21st century: A complexity perspective

Anisotropically Deforming Sandwich-Type Self-Oscillating Gels: A Hierarchical Model Platform of Cardiac Tissue

Reservoir Drawdown Highlights the Emergent Effects of Water Level Change on Reservoir Physics, Chemistry, and Biology

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