From the highest to the deepest: The Gaoping River–Gaoping Submarine Canyon dispersal system

Liu, James T.; Hsu, Ray T.; Hung, Jia‐Jang; Chang, Yuan‐Pin; Wang, Yu-Huai; Rendle-Bühring, Rebecca; Lee, Chon‐Lin; Huh, Chih-An; Yang, Rick J.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.10.012

Cited by 86 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This correlation suggests a link between typhoon-induced river discharge and turbidity currents in the deep sea, even if the timing of the turbidity currents suggests that they were not triggered directly by river plunging (Table DR1). We therefore conclude that these frequent turbidity currents in the deep sea were triggered as a result of typhoons passing over Taiwan, consistent with the findings of other studies over shorter time scales (Kao et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2016a).…”

Section: Correlation Between Typhoons and Turbidity Currents In The Dsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…1; Liu et al, 2016b). The head of the canyon directly connects to the Gaoping River catchment, which has an active tectonic setting with the world's highest erosion rates (Liu et al, 2016a). Moreover, Taiwan receives the wettest typhoons originating in the northwest Pacific, where nearly one third of the world's tropical cyclones develop (Elsner and Liu, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term in situ observations on typhoon-triggered turbidity currents in the deep sea

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2018

Geology

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Turbidity currents regulate the transport of terrigenous sediment, abundant in carbon and nutrients, from the shelf to the deep sea. However, triggers of deep-sea turbidity currents are diverse and remain debatable in individual cases due to few direct measurements and unpredictable occurrence. Here we present long-term monitoring of turbidity currents at a water depth of 2104 m on the margin of the Gaoping Submarine Canyon off Taiwan, which has the world's highest erosion rates and wettest typhoons. The unique 3.5 year record of in situ observations demonstrates the frequent occurrence of deep-sea turbidity currents (an average of six times per year from May 2013 to October 2016), most of which show enhanced sediment flux, raised temperature, and lowered salinity. They are attributed to elevated discharge of the Gaoping River due to typhoons traversing Taiwan. The total duration of these prolonged turbidity currents amounts to 30% of the entire monitoring period, contributing to ~72% of total sediment transport in the lower canyon. Our study demonstrates for the first time that typhoons are the most important triggers, in the long term, of frequent turbidity currents and enhanced sediment delivery into the deep sea in the typhoon-rivercanyon environment.

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Section: Correlation Between Typhoons and Turbidity Currents In The Dsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term in situ observations on typhoon-triggered turbidity currents in the deep sea

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2018

Geology

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“…We thought that the larger A8 A15 A10 AP3 A13 D1 D15 AP4 AP14 A2 AP1 A9 AP2 AP8 AP15 A3 A14 A6 A5 AP13 D14 AP10 D2 D3 D5 D6 D9 D10 D13 D4 AP5 AP6 MESOPELAGIC FISH LARVAE ASSEMBLAGE freshwater discharge from the Gaoping River and smaller freshwater discharge from the Fengshan River were responsible for the lower salinity waters and for the haline stratification found on the onshore side. In addition to the above mentioned low-salinity conditions, a well-developed topographic upwelling induced by the submarine canyon system was found at station 6 near the Liuchiu Island in summer and winter (Figure 3) (Liu et al 2016). The topographic upwelling probably provides this region with an extra flux of nutrientrich water.…”

Section: Changes Of Hydrographic and Biological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 74%

Temporal and Spatial Occurrence of Mesopelagic Fish Larvae during Epipelagic Drift Associated with Hydrographic Features in the Gaoping Coastal Waters off Southwestern Taiwan

et al. 2017

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This study analyzed the spatiotemporal occurrences of mesopelagic fish larvae in relation to environmental forcing in the Gaoping coastal waters off southwestern Taiwan during August 22–23, 2014 (summer), December 5–6, 2014 (winter), and April 28–29, 2015 (spring). Forty taxa or morphotypes of mesopelagic fish larvae were identified. Skinnycheek Lanternfish Benthosema pterotum (19.1%), Bristlemouth Cyclothone alba (11.6%), Spinycheek Lanternfish B. fibulatum (10.8%), Benthosema spp. (9.4%), and Neoscopelus spp. (9.2%) were the five predominant taxa. Maximum abundance of these taxa generally occurred during the cold period (winter and spring). Although the temporal difference in the abundance of mesopelagic fish larvae was not significant, the assemblage of mesopelagic fish larvae was more diverse in winter than in other seasons. Cluster and distance‐based linear model analysis suggested a distinctly structured assemblage of mesopelagic fish larvae. The intrusion of the Kuroshio Branch Current played an important role in the transport of mesopelagic fish larvae. The distribution of mesopelagic fish larvae was closely related to the hydrographic features, with surface temperature and mixed‐layer depth being the major factors affecting the occurrence of mesopelagic fish larvae. Also, the vertical mixing of the water column in winter induced the vertical distribution of natural food favorable for mesopelagic fish larvae.

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“…The Earth's surface is a key interface over which many physical, chemical and biological processes that are associated with fluvial sediment transport can strongly shape the landscape (Allen, 2008). A number of factors, including tectonic uplift, climate, base level and anthropogenic factors, can affect the movement of fluvial sediment (Florsheim et al, 1991;Liu et al, 2016;Romans et al, 2016;Wang and Xu, 2018). The Industrial Revolution and associated human activities have significantly affected the Earth's surface, changing global sediment transport regimes across the planet (Milliman & Farnsworth, 2011;Syvitski & Green, 2005), with the potential to seriously disturb sedimentation and associated biogeochemical cycles on the Earth's surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluvial sediment transfer in the Changjiang (Yangtze) river-estuary depositional system

Dai

Mei

Darby

et al. 2018

Journal of Hydrology

139

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From the highest to the deepest: The Gaoping River–Gaoping Submarine Canyon dispersal system

Cited by 86 publications

References 105 publications

Long-term in situ observations on typhoon-triggered turbidity currents in the deep sea

Long-term in situ observations on typhoon-triggered turbidity currents in the deep sea

Temporal and Spatial Occurrence of Mesopelagic Fish Larvae during Epipelagic Drift Associated with Hydrographic Features in the Gaoping Coastal Waters off Southwestern Taiwan

Fluvial sediment transfer in the Changjiang (Yangtze) river-estuary depositional system

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