“…The policing of crime and disorder becomes a contested space, a ‘border’ where police practices create racialized spaces of exclusion and criminalization. In this context it is not surprising that particular groups of young people feel harassed, threatened, subjected to violence, lack confidence in police and have a mistrust of authority (Barrett et al, 2014; Flemington and Kensington Community Legal Centre, 2011; Lammy, 2017: 18; Sharp and Atherton, 2007; Smith and Reside, 2010).…”
Section: Racialization and The Processes Of Youth Justicementioning
Drawing on comparative work between Australia and England and Wales, this article considers issues of criminalization, racialization and youth justice. The article explores both the overt and more subtle forms of racializing and criminalizing young people and highlights the necessity for historically and situationally contextualized understandings of identity and race. The rationalities, practices and discourses of youth justice through which racialization occurs are identified, including how race itself becomes solidified as a category in which people, in many cases, from heterogeneous backgrounds, can be captured and named. In particular there is discussion of the rise of apparently neutral and non-discriminatory justifications for intervention found in the use of risk assessment that leads to racialized differentiation. It is argued that these practices both mask race in their practices and mark race in their outcomes.
“…The policing of crime and disorder becomes a contested space, a ‘border’ where police practices create racialized spaces of exclusion and criminalization. In this context it is not surprising that particular groups of young people feel harassed, threatened, subjected to violence, lack confidence in police and have a mistrust of authority (Barrett et al, 2014; Flemington and Kensington Community Legal Centre, 2011; Lammy, 2017: 18; Sharp and Atherton, 2007; Smith and Reside, 2010).…”
Section: Racialization and The Processes Of Youth Justicementioning
Drawing on comparative work between Australia and England and Wales, this article considers issues of criminalization, racialization and youth justice. The article explores both the overt and more subtle forms of racializing and criminalizing young people and highlights the necessity for historically and situationally contextualized understandings of identity and race. The rationalities, practices and discourses of youth justice through which racialization occurs are identified, including how race itself becomes solidified as a category in which people, in many cases, from heterogeneous backgrounds, can be captured and named. In particular there is discussion of the rise of apparently neutral and non-discriminatory justifications for intervention found in the use of risk assessment that leads to racialized differentiation. It is argued that these practices both mask race in their practices and mark race in their outcomes.
“…Possible explanations for an uneven burden of drug‐related harms have been offered in various studies with CALD groups who use drugs. These include barriers to suitable and timely preventative and treatment interventions , disproportionate policing and incarceration of particular CALD populations , and the relationship between disadvantage and substance use . Racism and discrimination may also fortify in‐group practices, meaning that riskier injecting practices may more easily become norms .…”
The findings show that some groups who inject IPEDs may be more vulnerable to blood-borne virus transmission and/or less likely to know their blood-borne virus status. From design to delivery, IPED harm minimisation strategies should pay attention to the needs of CALD groups.
“…Previous research in Melbourne found that ‘almost all the young people we interviewed reported police engaging in racist name calling, taunts and telling young people things like: “go back to your own country”’ (Smith and Reside, n.d. : 9).…”
Section: Exploring Connections Between Policing and Boundaries Of Belmentioning
Police researchers have long posited a connection between policing and belonging, or between policing and related concepts such as citizenship. However, much of this literature does not include empirical data demonstrating the actual impact of policing experiences on individuals and communities. Where it does, belonging is rarely located at the centre of analysis. In this article, I explore the role of policing in generating experiences and perceptions of belonging. I connect the theoretical literature on policing, borders and belonging by conceiving of everyday policing as a racialized process of social bordering, and present evidence from a qualitative study with migrant communities in southern-eastern Melbourne, Australia. I conclude that discriminatory policing reinforces social boundaries that are relevant to both ‘belonging’ and the ‘politics of belonging’, and identify police, in conjunction with other social actors and institutions, as potentially powerful agents of ‘governmental belonging’.
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