From the field to the lab — An European view on the global spread of PEDV

Abstract

Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus, in the family Coronaviridae, of the Nidovirales order and outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) were first recorded in England in the 1970s. Intriguingly the virus has since successfully made its way around the globe, while seemingly becoming extinct in parts of Europe before its recent return from Northern America. In this review we are re-evaluating the spread of PEDV, its biology and are looking at lessons learnt from both failure and success. While a new analysis of PEDV genomes demonstrates a wider heterogeneity of PEDV than previously anticipated with at least five rather than two genotypes, biological features of the virus and its replication also point towards credible control strategies to limit the impact of this re-emerging virus.

Nidovirus RNA polymerases: Complex enzymes handling exceptional RNA genomes

“…For example, infections with the arterivirus (AV) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have severely affected the swine industry for almost three decades now (Holtkamp et al, 2013;Perez et al, 2015;Pileri and Mateu, 2016), whereas zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused episodes of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in humans (Graham et al, 2013;Perlman and Netland, 2009) and may do so again (Menachery et al, 2015). Animal CoVs continue to emerge and cause great economic losses, as exemplified by the recent outbreaks of porcine deltacoronavirus and the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in China and the United States (Choudhury et al, 2016;Weng et al, 2016;Zhang, 2016). Genetically, the nidoviruses constitute a monophyletic group that is characterized by common ancestry of their key replicative enzymes and associated similarities in genome organization and expression ( Fig.…”

A newly isolated Chinese virulent genotype GIIb porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain: Biological characteristics, pathogenicity and immune protective effects as an inactivated vaccine candidate

“…Severe PED outbreaks have recurred almost simultaneously in many Asian countries, such as the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, South Korea and Japan, and US prototype-like GII PEDV strains have been found to be accountable for these outbreaks (Cheun-Arom et al, 2016;Chung et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2017;Lin et al, 2014;Paraguison-Alili and Domingo, 2016;Van Diep et al, 2015). In addition, the US S INDEL-like strains have been described in many European countries, such as Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Slovenia and Netherlands (Choudhury et al, 2016;Pensaert and Martelli, 2016;Stadler et al, 2015). Therefore, PEDV has currently re-emerged as one of the most devastating viral diseases of swine in the world, resulting in tremendous economic losses to the global pig industry.…”

A spike-specific whole-porcine antibody isolated from a porcine B cell that neutralizes both genogroup 1 and 2 PEDV strains

“…Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and has become a major concern because PED causes devastating economic losses to the pork industry (Wang et al, 2016a;Lin et al, 2016;Choudhury et al, 2016). PEDV infection is characterized by vomiting, anorexia, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss, and causes high morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets less than 2 weeks of age, although it affects pigs of all ages (Madson et al, 2014;Song and Park, 2012).…”

“…PEDV infection is characterized by vomiting, anorexia, watery diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss, and causes high morbidity and mortality in suckling piglets less than 2 weeks of age, although it affects pigs of all ages (Madson et al, 2014;Song and Park, 2012). PEDV was first identified in 1978 in Europe and was designated PEDV CV777 strain (Choudhury et al, 2016). PEDV has now spread widely to multiple continents and PED is recognized as a global swine disease (Choudhury et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016a;Chung et al, 2016).…”

“…PEDV was first identified in 1978 in Europe and was designated PEDV CV777 strain (Choudhury et al, 2016). PEDV has now spread widely to multiple continents and PED is recognized as a global swine disease (Choudhury et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016a;Chung et al, 2016). Based on the sequence analysis of the whole PEDV genome, the current PEDV strains are classified into two genogroups, G1 (classical) and G2 (variant) (Wang et al, 2016a;Chung et al, 2016).…”