From the Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents to the Decontamination of Cytostatics

Abstract

The ability of pilot samples of destructive metal oxide sorbents to decompose a sulfur mustard-type chemical warfare agent into nontoxic products in a nonaqueous solvent was compared with that of the commercial product FAST-ACT. Additionally, samples of the destructive metal oxide sorbents were used to decompose nitrogen mustards, which are used as chemotherapeutic agents, in water, and the results were compared with those of FAST-ACT. All the prepared pilot samples exhibited stoichiometric activities, i.e., the degradation rate expressed by the rate constant, k [s −1 , min −1 ], and the decomposition efficiencies, which are expressed by the degree of conversion d [%], higher than those of the comparative commercial product FAST-ACT. Scaling up the sulfur mustard decomposition from the laboratory conditions (reaction volume, 4 L) to quarteroperating (pilot) reaction conditions (reaction volume, 100 L) had a positive effect on the reaction and final product.

Photoenhanced Degradation of Sarin at Cu/TiO2 Composite Aerogels: Roles of Bandgap Excitation and Surface Plasmon Excitation

“…Current strategies for personal protection against the threats posed by organophosphorus (OP) chemical warfare agents (CWAs) typically rely on adsorbent materials comprised of carbon and an assortment of metal oxides, which may only partially degrade chemical threats. − Many metal oxides can adsorb and partially degrade OP-based CWAs and chemical warfare simulants (CWSs), including TiO 2 , , Al 2 O 3 , CeO 2 , , SiO 2 , ZnO, CuO, and Cu 2 O . Among the metal oxides, TiO 2 has displayed some of the most promising degradation activity.…”

Metal oxide nanoparticles for the decontamination of toxic chemical and biological compounds

“…As for the use of MO in Chemical Warfare Agents (CWA) decontamination, there are many research articles and patents that have been published 2 . For example, the commercial product Fast-Act® based on MgO and TiO 2 , have been developed by NanoScale Corporation, in order to degrade warfare agents, such as sulfur mustard, soman, and VX agent 9 . Likewise, Wagner et al (2012) have studied hydrolysis of VX, GD, and HD on TiO 2 materials for the development of self-decontaminating paints that can be used to protect military vehicles 10 .…”

Removal of anthracycline cytostatics from aquatic environment: Comparison of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide and decontamination agents

“…It turns out that nanocrystalline metal oxides may have a high potential for detoxifying effects on cytostatics. This hypothesis was made on the basis of knowledge about the decomposition of mustard poisoning substances using nanoparticles of titanium oxides [32]. Cytostatics of the oxazophosphine family are derived from nitrogen mustards and are subject to the same adsorption and degradation phenomena [55].…”

“…The procedure for testing the degradation of cytostatics on the surface of reactive sorbents is based on previously published works [23,31,32].…”