From TBI to CTE: A Review and Update on Diagnosis, Management and Pathophysiology of Mild TBI and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

Skoble, Luisa; Correia, Stephen; Mernoff, Stephen T.; Solomon, Todd M.

doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.01.041

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The glutamate clearance interference, along with the combination of nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen, increases the response to injury. Other conditions such as latent viral infections, environmental toxins, and systemic infections in the brain also worsen the CTE disease [3]. The underlying pathophysiology of vasculitis is classified depending on the type of disorder.…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a condition that occurs as a result of multiple mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) [1][2]. The neurodegenerative disease is known to commonly affect military veterans and athletes who are likely to experience repeated head blows [3]. Vasculitis, on the other hand, occurs as blood vessel inflammation resulting in the weakening, thickening, and stretching of the vessel, which prevents normal blood flow [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations and Outcomes Between Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Vasculitis in Adults Patients

Adjepong

Malik

2020

Cureus

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Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) results from brain injuries and traumas due to accelerated impacts on the head. In severe cases, the diseases cause brain damage, given the head trauma. On the other hand, vasculitis occurs through antibodies that mistake protein vessels as foreign, hence fighting them and resulting in their damage. Examination is usually conducted through blood tests, with antibodies being identified in the antineutrophil cytoplasm. It is unfortunate that its devastating effects also affect the brain of a human, hence leading to dis-functioning. When vasculitis is left untreated, it results in multiple adverse effects on the human body and health both in the short term and in the long term. This study aims to bring to the awareness of neurosurgeons the associations between CTE and vasculitis. This study has proved that there is a close correlation between the progression of CTE and vasculitis. The inflammatory of the blood vessels, as witnessed in vasculitis, increases the risk factors for CTE. The scaling of the vessels and manifestation of different vasculitis conditions in active central nervous system cells results in the worsening of neurodegeneration of the CTE disease.

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Section: Pathophysiology Of the Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%