“…In R animals, the decrease in hippocampal BDNF concentrations associated with hippocampal morphological changes is consistent with the depressive phenotype described in humans (Sheline et al, 1999;Bremner et al, 2000;Duman and Monteggia, 2006;Pittenger and Duman, 2008). Animal models of depression and psychosocial stress are associated with reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, hippocampal dendritic arborization, and hippocampal BDNF that are prevented by antidepressant treatment (Watanabe et al, 1992;Magariños et al, 1996Magariños et al, , 2011Sapolsky, 2000;Czeh et al, 2001;Buwalda et al, 2005;Yap et al, 2006;Castrén et al, 2007;Czeh and Lucassen, 2007;Becker et al, 2008;Krishnan and Nestler, 2008;Alleva and Francia, 2009;Covington et al, 2009). Depending on studies, the hippocampal spine density is or not affected by stress events (Chen et al, 2010;Magariños et al, 2011).…”