From surveillance to torture: The evolution of US interrogation practices during the War on Terror

Greenberg, Ivan

doi:10.1057/sj.2015.7

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengatasi tantangan etika yang berkaitan dengan pengambilan keputusan, aturan keterlibatan, dan perlakuan terhadap tawanan perang, dan lain-lain. Jenewa (Greenberg, 2015).…”

Section: Tantangan Etis Utama Yang Dihadapi Pasukan Militer Dalam Men...unclassified

Sinkronisasi Kebijakan Pertahanan dalam Operasi Militer dengan Hak Asasi Manusia

Sarjito

2023

JGPI

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perlunya kebijakan pertahanan untuk memasukkan hak asasi manusia ke dalam operasi militer, mengidentifikasi tantangan etika, meningkatkan kesadaran personel, menetapkan kerangka akuntabilitas, dan menjajaki kolaborasi internasional untuk sinkronisasi. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, memanfaatkan data sekunder, untuk menganalisis literatur dan studi kasus yang ada mengenai kebijakan pertahanan dan hak asasi manusia, mengidentifikasi kesenjangan dan tantangan. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti peran penting kebijakan pertahanan dalam memajukan dan melindungi hak asasi manusia selama operasi militer. Laporan ini akan mengidentifikasi tantangan-tantangan etis utama yang dihadapi oleh kekuatan militer dalam mengintegrasikan hak asasi manusia, seperti menyeimbangkan keamanan dengan hak-hak individu dan menanggapi dinamika konflik yang berubah dengan cepat. Selain itu, studi ini akan mengusulkan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan pelatihan dan pendidikan militer guna meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman tentang hak asasi manusia di kalangan personel. Lebih jauh lagi, penelitian ini akan menekankan perlunya kerangka hukum dan kelembagaan yang komprehensif untuk menjamin akuntabilitas atas pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dalam operasi militer. Terakhir, studi ini akan mengeksplorasi pentingnya kolaborasi dan kerja sama internasional dalam menyelaraskan kebijakan pertahanan dengan hak asasi manusia, termasuk pertukaran praktik terbaik dan penetapan standar bersama. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan berharga mengenai bagaimana kebijakan pertahanan dapat secara efektif mengintegrasikan pertimbangan hak asasi manusia ke dalam operasi militer. Dengan mengatasi urgensi, tujuan, dan tantangan etika, penelitian ini akan berkontribusi dalam mendorong pendekatan yang lebih etis dan bertanggung jawab terhadap penempatan militer.

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Section: Tantangan Etis Utama Yang Dihadapi Pasukan Militer Dalam Men...unclassified

Sinkronisasi Kebijakan Pertahanan dalam Operasi Militer dengan Hak Asasi Manusia

Sarjito

2023

JGPI

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“…For instance, torture survivors often describe that witnessing torture of family members, or the threat of torturing them, is at least as distressing as being tortured themselves (Başoğlu et al, 2007;Pérez-Sales, 2017). From the 1970s, countries like the United States, Israel and Spain, among many others, have moved from scarring physical torture to techniques that leave no permanent marks (Greenberg, 2015;Petersen & Morentin, 2019;Rejali, 2007;Ron, 1997). In terms of proving the existence of a human rights violation, this absence of marks poses a considerable challenge.…”

Section: Torture That Leaves No Permanent Marksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the fact that it is outlawed in most states, torture is still widespread in many countries (Amnesty International, 2018). Many forms of torture hardly leave any mark on the body (Greenberg, 2015;Petersen & Morentin, 2019;Rejali, 2007;Ron, 1997). The absence of physical proof hampers prosecution of perpetrators and leaves victims with scant possibilities to get justice, reparation and redress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential of epigenetic methods to provide evidence of torture

Suárez‐López

2020

torture

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Introduction: The last five decades have wit- nessed a transition from brutal forms of physi- cal torture to other physical and psychological methods that do not leave marks on the body. Providing evidence of these types of torture is often a challenge. Finding biological markers of torture would potentially contribute to solve this problem. Methods: Scientific literature review. Results: Methods to analyse certain biological marks present in the genetic material (the DNA), called epigenetic marks, have been developed in recent years. These marks can change in response to environmental factors, but these changes do not alter the genetic information contained in the DNA. Changes in epigenetic marks have been correlated with traumatic stress. Given that torture is an extreme form of trauma, this article argues that torture may also be associated with epigenetic changes. Discussion: Epigenetic methods offer a new tool that might be useful for the medico-legal documentation of cases of torture. Given that these methods have not been used for this purpose yet, they should be tested. Whether they have potential to contribute to determine the severity of suffering, establish a severity threshold or design strategies for the rehabilitation of torture survivors is discussed. The advantages and limitations of these methods, as well as ethical implications, must be taken into account.

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A Cross-Layer Biometric Recognition System for Mobile IoT Devices

Taheri

Yuan

2018

Electronics

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A biometric recognition system is one of the leading candidates for the current and the next generation of smart visual systems. The visual system is the engine of the surveillance cameras that have great importance for intelligence and security purposes. These surveillance devices can be a target of adversaries for accomplishing various malicious scenarios such as disabling the camera in critical times or the lack of recognition of a criminal. In this work, we propose a cross-layer biometric recognition system that has small computational complexity and is suitable for mobile Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Furthermore, due to the involvement of both hardware and software in realizing this system in a decussate and chaining structure, it is easier to locate and provide alternative paths for the system flow in the case of an attack. For security analysis of this system, one of the elements of this system named the advanced encryption standard (AES) is infected by four different Hardware Trojansthat target different parts of this module. The purpose of these Trojans is to sabotage the biometric data that are under process by the biometric recognition system. All of the software and the hardware modules of this system are implemented using MATLAB and Verilog HDL, respectively. According to the performance evaluation results, the system shows an acceptable performance in recognizing healthy biometric data. It is able to detect the infected data, as well. With respect to its hardware results, the system may not contribute significantly to the hardware design parameters of a surveillance camera considering all the hardware elements within the device.

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From surveillance to torture: The evolution of US interrogation practices during the War on Terror

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Sinkronisasi Kebijakan Pertahanan dalam Operasi Militer dengan Hak Asasi Manusia

Sinkronisasi Kebijakan Pertahanan dalam Operasi Militer dengan Hak Asasi Manusia

The potential of epigenetic methods to provide evidence of torture

A Cross-Layer Biometric Recognition System for Mobile IoT Devices

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