From structures, packaging to application: A system-level review for micro direct methanol fuel cell

Chen, Xueye; Li, Tiechuan; Shen, Jienan; Hu, Zengliang

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.272

Cited by 73 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…As a by‐product, only water and heat are produced, and electricity can be generated continuously if the fuel is supplied. Recently, micro fuel cells have been considered as a power source for portable electric devices . A representative micro fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upscaling of microfluidic fuel cell using planar single stacks

Lee

Ahn

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The commercialization of microfluidic fuel cells remains difficult because of their low‐power density. In this study, microfluidic fuel cells with a planar single‐stack structure are proposed to improve the power density. The proposed stacks connect multiple cells in series, parallel, series–parallel, and parallel–series configurations. The electrolyte flow patterns of the stacks were numerically analyzed, and cell performances were experimentally measured with a platinum electrode using formic acid as the fuel. With a minimum size, these planar cell single stacks provide better power density than a single cell. The cell stack connected in parallel and then in series, where the velocity and pressure distributions of the electrolytes were simulated as almost uniform and few inner electrical connections existed, produced the best scaling‐up efficiency of 1.93. Additionally, a common feed inlet configuration was developed to further reduce the size of the cell stack further. The results show that well‐balanced fluid flow between inlets is necessary to obtain high scalability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, micro fuel cells have been considered as a power source for portable electric devices. 1 A representative micro fuel cell is a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). A PEMFC has a low operational temperature and high output density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upscaling of microfluidic fuel cell using planar single stacks

Lee

Ahn

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…9 Therefore, chaotic convection has little effect on the flowing liquid, leaving diffusion as the main mechanism of fluid mixing. The present authors' research work has covered the design of micromixers, 11,12 and their simulation, 13 optimization, 14 fabrication 15,16 and applications 17,18 , such as being an important part of the microfluidic chip. 10 These agents are often rare or expensive, and their consumption is reduced as a necessary condition for the success of the research project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive micromixer with baffles distributed on both sides of microchannels based on the Koch fractal principle

Chen

Tian

2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Since the beginning of the 21st Century, the development of microfluidic chip technology has been very rapid and has attracted the attention of more and more scholars. As an important part of the microfluidic chip, the performance of the micromixer is critical. The fractal structure in the microchannels helps to improve the mixing performance of the micromixer and improve the mixing efficiency of the micromixer. The research results of other scholars are of great significance to the research of the present paper, which mainly studies the effect of changing the baffle state on the mixing efficiency of the micromixer based on the Koch fractal principle. Through simulation analysis, it was found that the mixing efficiency of the baffles distributed on both sides of the microchannel was higher than the mixing efficiency of the baffles distributed on the microchannel side. When the distance between adjacent baffles was divided into 0.15, 0.25 and 0.35 mm, simulated data suggested that the baffle distance of 0.15 mm was best. Increasing the number of baffles from six to eight groups increased the mixing path of the fluid in the microchannel and improved mixing efficiency. A comparison of mixing efficiencies of the 0 ∘ , 15 ∘ and 30 ∘ baffle angles revealed that very significant improvement in mixing efficiency was obtained at 30 ∘ .1. Graphic design is a 3D map. 2. The sample concentrations of the micromixer of inlets 1 and 2 are set to C 1 = 1 mol L −1 and C 2 = 0 mol L −1 , respectively. 3. The boundary conditions of all boundaries are no slip. 4. The pressure at the exit of the microchannel is 0 Pa. Figure 2. The basic size of the Koch fractal baffle micromixer. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2020; 95: 806-812

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“…In addition, because the gaseous hydrogen has to be compressed into liquid phase to reduce the device volume, the high pressure may lead to a potential safety problem . As for methanol, severe fuel crossover can result in dramatic performance degradation . As for ethanol, the C─C bond is hardly broken in fuel cells running at low temperatures (generally <60°C), leading to a low electron transfer rate (ie, 33%) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 As for methanol, severe fuel crossover can result in dramatic performance degradation. 17 As for ethanol, the C─C bond is hardly broken in fuel cells running at low temperatures (generally <60°C), leading to a low electron transfer rate (ie, 33%). 16,18 Ethylene glycol (EG), an alternative choice for fuel, has received considerable interest for mobile, stationary, and portable applications, resulting from its promising theoretical energy capacity of 4.8 Ah mL −1 , high boiling point of 198°C, and outstanding efficiency of electric power conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a hybrid direct ethylene glycol fuel cell

Pan

Huang

2018

Int J Energy Res

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Summary In this work, a hybrid fuel cell is developed and tested, which is composed of an alkaline anode, an acid cathode, and a cation exchange membrane. In this fuel cell, ethylene glycol and hydrogen peroxide serve as fuel and oxidant, respectively. Theoretically, this fuel cell exhibits a theoretical voltage reaching 2.47 V, whereas it is experimentally demonstrated that the hybrid fuel cell delivers an open‐circuit voltage of 1.41 V at 60°C. More impressively, this fuel cell yields a peak power density of 80.9 mW cm−2 (115.3 mW cm−2 at 80°C). Comparing to an open‐circuit voltage of 0.86 V and a peak power density of 67 mW cm−2 previously achieved by a direct ethylene glycol fuel cell operating with oxygen, this hybrid direct ethylene glycol fuel cell boosts the open‐circuit voltage by 62.1% and the peak power density by 20.8%. This significant improvement is mainly attributed not only to the high‐voltage output of this hybrid system design but also to the faster kinetics rendered by the reduction reaction of hydrogen peroxide.

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From structures, packaging to application: A system-level review for micro direct methanol fuel cell

Cited by 73 publications

References 156 publications

Upscaling of microfluidic fuel cell using planar single stacks

Upscaling of microfluidic fuel cell using planar single stacks

Passive micromixer with baffles distributed on both sides of microchannels based on the Koch fractal principle

Performance of a hybrid direct ethylene glycol fuel cell

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