From strangelets to strange stars: a unified description

Xia, Caichu; Peng, Guang-Xiong; Zhao, En-Guang; Zhou, Shan‐Gui

doi:10.1007/s11434-015-0982-x

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…For larger A, due to Coulomb repulsion, a strangelet can carry charge only on its surface and the surface structure starts to converge. This was also predicted by the UDS model, where larger SQM objects indicate a constant surface charge density [33][34][35][36][37]. To give a more detailed picture on the internal structure of strangelets, in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Interface effects of strange quark matter with density dependent quark masses

et al. 2018

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We study the interface effects in strangelets adopting mean-field approximation (MFA). Based on an equivparticle model, the linear confinement and leading-order perturbative interactions are included with density-dependent quark masses. By increasing the confinement strength, the surface tension and curvature term of strange quark matter (SQM) become larger, while the perturbative interaction does the opposite. For those parameters constrained according to the 2M strange star, the surface tension is ∼2.4 MeV/fm 2 , while unstable SQM indicates a slightly larger surface tension. The obtained results are then compared with those predicted by the multiple reflection expansion (MRE) method. In contrast to the bag model case, it is found that MRE method overestimates the surface tension and underestimates the curvature term. To reproduce our results, the density of states in the MRE approach should be modified by proper damping factors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Interface effects of strange quark matter with density dependent quark masses

et al. 2018

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“…Steiner et al 19 showed that the ground state of the CFL phase is color neutral and that color neutrality forces electric charge neutrality. Models of unmagnetized quark nuggets by Xia et al 11 and by Zhitnitsky et al 42 predict different small (i.e. the ratio of electric charge per baryon mass is much less than one), non-zero internal electric charges, but both predict charge neutralizing surface layers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass distribution of magnetized quark-nugget dark matter and comparison with requirements and observations

VanDevender

Shoemaker

Sloan

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Quark nuggets are a candidate for dark matter consistent with the Standard Model. Previous models of quark nuggets have investigated properties arising from their being composed of strange, up, and down quarks and have not included any effects caused by their self-magnetic field. However, Tatsumi found that the core of a magnetar star may be a quark nugget in a ferromagnetic state with core magnetic field Bsurface = 1012±1 T. We apply Tatsumi’s result to quark-nugget dark-matter and report results on aggregation of magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) after formation from the quark-gluon plasma until expansion of the universe freezes out the mass distribution to ~ 10−24 kg to ~ 1014 kg. Aggregation overcomes weak-interaction decay. Computed mass distributions show MQNs are consistent with requirements for dark matter and indicate that geologic detectors (craters in peat bogs) and space-based detectors (satellites measuring radio-frequency emissions after passage through normal matter) should be able to detect MQN dark matter. Null and positive observations narrow the range of a key parameter Bo ~ Bsurface to 1 × 1011 T < Bo ≤ 3 × 1012 T.

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“…Macroscopic quark nuggets are also called strangelets [6], nuclearites [7], AQNs [8], and slets [9], are theoretically predicted objects composed of up, down, and strange quarks in essentially equal numbers. They form a subset of Macros [10], the more general term for massive dark-matter.…”

Section: Supplementary Materials: Nonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steiner, et al [13] showed that the ground state of the CFL phase is color neutral and that color neutrality forces electric charge neutrality, which minimizes electromagnetic emissions. However, Xia, et al [9] found that quark depletion causes the ratio Q/A of electric charge Q to baryon number A to be non-zero and varying as Q/A ~0.32 A -1/3 for 3 < A < 10 5 . In addition to this core charge, they find that there is a large surface charge and a neutralizing cloud of charge to give a net zero electric charge for sufficiently large A.…”

Section: Supplementary Materials: Nonementioning

confidence: 99%

Limits on Magnetized Quark-Nugget Dark Matter From Episodic Natural Events

VanDevender¹,

VanDevender²,

Wilson³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A quark nugget is a hypothetical dark-matter candidate composed of approximately equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks. Most models of quark nuggets do not include effects of their intrinsic magnetic field. However, Tatsumi used a mathematically tractable approximation of the Standard Model of Particle Physics and found that the cores of magnetar pulsars may be quark-nuggets in a ferromagnetic-liquid state with surface magnetic field Bo = $10^(12±1) T. We have applied that result to quark-nugget dark matter. Previous work addressed the formation and aggregation of magnetized quark nuggets (MQNs) into a broad and magnetically stabilized mass distribution before they could decay and addressed their interaction with normal matter through their magnetopause, losing translational velocity while gaining rotational velocity and radiating electromagnetic energy. The two orders of magnitude uncertainty in Tatsumi’s estimate for Bo precludes the practical design of systematic experiments to detect MQNs through their predicted interaction with matter. In this paper, we examine episodic events consistent with a unique signature of MQNs. If they are indeed caused by MQNs, they constrain the most likely values of Bo = 1.65 × 10^12 T +/- 21% and support the design of definitive tests of the MQN dark-matter hypothesis.

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From strangelets to strange stars: a unified description

Cited by 24 publications

References 56 publications

Interface effects of strange quark matter with density dependent quark masses

Interface effects of strange quark matter with density dependent quark masses

Mass distribution of magnetized quark-nugget dark matter and comparison with requirements and observations

Limits on Magnetized Quark-Nugget Dark Matter From Episodic Natural Events

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