From spectacle to spectacular: How physical space, social media and mainstream broadcast amplified the public sphere in Egypt's ‘Revolution’

Twitter use by politicians during social uprisings

“…except for online content). Actually, social media leaves traditional media behind as reflected in the protests in Egypt in 2011 [30]. This catalyzing role is a real contribution to both the societal life and the political life, since politicians were previously supposed to convey their arguments and opinions to their audience in their general discourses using a one-way method.…”

Chapitre 3. Nouveaux médias et flux d’information journalistique dans le monde arabe : localisation de la production et internationalisation de la consommation

“…Facebook, Google, and YouTube's own news page all direct traffic to these videos. 18 Indeed, Al-Jazeera's own analytics also revealed that the vast majority of referrals to its Egypt coverage came from Facebook and YouTube, not directly from its own website. On Twitter, discussion of the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions influenced traditional media coverage of those events, and especially Al-Jazeera's, but were also themselves reflective of the old media coverage.…”

Socio-spatial Approaches for Media and Communication Research

“…As could be expected, recent research discusses political issues related to specifi c digital agoras such as Twitter (for example, Ausserhofer and Maireder 2013 ) or specifi c cases that take place in the physical space (for example, Nanabhay and Farmanfarmaian 2011 ). In the work of Nanabhay and Farmanfarmaian ( 2011 ), the uprising in Tahrir Square in Egypt is discussed as having revealed the topological continuum between the physical space and the digital realm. Deuze, with a similar understanding of such a continuum, states that 'media are becoming invisible, as media are so pervasive and ubiquitous that people in general do not even register the presence of media in their lives ' ( 2011 , p. 143).…”