From soil to host: Discovering the tripartite interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes, symbiotic bacteria and insect pests and related challenges

Kallali, Najwa Seddiqi; Ouijja, Abderrahman; Goura, Khadija; Laasli, Salah-Eddine; Kenfaoui, Jihane; Benseddik, Youssef; Blenzar, Abdelali; Joutei, Abdelmalek Boutaleb; El Jarroudi, Moussa; Mokrini, Fouad; Lahlali, Rachid

doi:10.1016/j.napere.2023.100065

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 210 publications

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“…Nematodes utilize various tactics to interfere with the initiation and regular processes of host physiological reactions, many of which are involved in controlling innate immune responses [40]. Previously, extensive research has been carried out to investigate the correlation between nematodes and the immune system of the host [41,42]. However, no study has explored the impact of nematodes on the genes responsible for immunity and the associated pathways in slugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Related Gene Profiles and Differential Expression in the Grey Garden Slug Deroceras reticulatum Infected with the Parasitic Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Hafeez,

Mc Donnell,

Colton

et al. 2024

Insects

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The grey garden slug (Deroceras reticulatum), a common terrestrial slug native to Europe with a global distribution including North America, is commonly considered the most severe slug pest in agriculture. The nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, which has been used in the U.K. and Europe as a commercial biocontrol agent since 1994, has also recently been collected in Oregon and California and has long been considered a candidate biocontrol agent for slug management in the U.S. In this study, we report differential gene expressions in nematode-infected slugs using RNA-seq to identify slug immune-related genes against nematodes. Comparison of gene expression levels between the whole bodies of a nematode-infected slug (N-S) and an uninfected control slug (C-S) revealed that there were a total of 39,380 regulated unigenes, of which 3084 (3%) were upregulated and 6761 (6%) were downregulated at greater than 2-fold change (FC > 2) in the nematode-infected slug. To further investigate the biological functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology (GO) and functional enrichment analysis were performed to map the DEGs to terms in the GO, eukaryotic ortholog groups of proteins (KOG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome Pathway (KEGG) databases. Among these DEGs, approximately 228 genes associated with immunity or immune-related pathways were upregulated 2-fold or more in the N-S compared to C-S. These genes include toll, Imd, JNK, scavenger receptors (SCRs), C-type lectins (CTLs), immunoglobulin-like domains, and JAK/STAT63 signaling pathways. From the RNA-seq results, we selected 18 genes and confirmed their expression levels by qRT-PCR. Our findings provide insights into the immune response of slugs during nematode infection. These studies provide fundamental information that will be valuable for the development of new methods of pest slug control using pathogenic nematodes in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune-Related Gene Profiles and Differential Expression in the Grey Garden Slug Deroceras reticulatum Infected with the Parasitic Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Hafeez,

Mc Donnell,

Colton

et al. 2024

Insects

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The cryptic microbiota of plant parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes: diversity, effects on host biology and potential in plant protection

Rosso,

Lax,

Ciancio

et al. 2024

J Pest Sci

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Many plant parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes harbor specialized and obligate bacteria as well as viruses. Given their evolutionary persistence, such cryptic species are considered to play effective roles during their host/microbe interactions lifetime, including mutualistic, antagonistic, or yet unknown host effects. To exploit such associations in plant protection, a comprehensive view is needed linking basic evolutionary relationships to applied aspects. This requires identifying the benefit or impact that hosts, acting as pests or biocontrol agents, receive from their endosymbionts. Targeting endosymbionts that are vital for a beneficial nematode or a pest may open novel perspectives for the management of their performance and traits, such as virulence or response to plant defense reactions. Some hypotheses are proposed to develop advanced control strategies through emerging biotechnological approaches.

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From soil to host: Discovering the tripartite interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes, symbiotic bacteria and insect pests and related challenges

Cited by 2 publications

References 210 publications

Immune-Related Gene Profiles and Differential Expression in the Grey Garden Slug Deroceras reticulatum Infected with the Parasitic Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Immune-Related Gene Profiles and Differential Expression in the Grey Garden Slug Deroceras reticulatum Infected with the Parasitic Nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

The cryptic microbiota of plant parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes: diversity, effects on host biology and potential in plant protection

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