From Small Molecules toward Whole Cells Detection: Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors in Modern Medical Diagnostics

Ziółkowski, Robert; Jarczewska, Marta; Górski, Łukasz; Malinowska, Elżbieta

doi:10.3390/s21030724

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 199 publications

(303 reference statements)

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“…The structured RNA motifs were termed aptamers based on the Latin words "aptus" (fitting) or "aptare" (to fit) and the Greek word "meros" meaning part. Highaffinity nucleic acid ligands for a protein were isolated by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) that depends on alternate cycles of ligand selection from pools of variant sequences and amplification of the bound species [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Several rounds of selection exponentially enriched the population for highest affinity species that can be clonally isolated and characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Opportunities for Nucleic Acid Aptamers

Byun

2021

Life

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Coined three decades ago, the term aptamer and directed evolution have now reached their maturity. The concept that nucleic acid could modulate the activity of target protein as ligand emerged from basic science studies of viruses. Aptamers are short nucleic acid sequences capable of specific, high-affinity molecular binding, which allow for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Compared to traditional antibodies, aptamers have several advantages, including small size, flexible structure, good biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. In vitro selection method is used to isolate aptamers that are specific for a desired target from a randomized oligonucleotide library. The first aptamer drug, Macugen, was approved by FDA in 2004, which was accompanied by many studies and clinical investigations on various targets and diseases. Despite much promise, most aptamers have failed to meet the requisite safety and efficacy standards in human clinical trials. Amid these setbacks, the emergence of novel technologies and recent advances in aptamer and systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) design are fueling hope in this field. The unique properties of aptamer are gaining renewed interest in an era of COVID-19. The binding performance of an aptamer and reproducibility are still the key issues in tackling current hurdles in clinical translation. A thorough analysis of the aptamer binding under varying conditions and the conformational dynamics is warranted. Here, the challenges and opportunities of aptamers are reviewed with recent progress.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Opportunities for Nucleic Acid Aptamers

Byun

2021

Life

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“…At present, aptamers are used to construct various types of biosensors, such as fluorescence aptasensors, electrochemical aptasensors and colorimetric aptasensors [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Among them, the fluorescence aptasensors have a high sensitivity and the experimental results are more intuitive [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Aptasensor for Highly Specific Detection of ATP Using a Newly Screened Aptamer

Chen

Feng

Chen

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Owing to the significant roles of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in diverse biological processes, ATP level is used to research and evaluate the physiological processes of organisms. Aptamer-based biosensors have been widely reported to achieve this purpose, which are superior in their flexible biosensing mechanism, with a high sensitivity and good biocompatibility; however, the aptamers currently used for ATP detection have a poor ability to discriminate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Herein, an ATP-specific aptamer was screened and applied to construct a fluorescent aptasensor for ATP by using graphene oxide (GO) and strand displacement amplification (SDA). The fluorescence intensity of the sensor is linearly related to the concentration of ATP within 0.1 μM to 25 μM under optimal experimental conditions, and the detection limit is 33.85 nM. The biosensor exhibits a satisfactory specificity for ATP. Moreover, the experimental results indicate that the biosensor can be applied to determine the ATP in human serum. In conclusion, the screened aptamer and the biosensor have promising applications in the determination of the real energy charge level and ATP content in a complex biological system.

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“…Numerous electrochemical aptasensors have been developed so far for the detection of single analytes that are important from the points of view of (1) disease diagnostics [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], (2) food analysis [ 25 , 26 , 27 ], and (3) environmental monitoring [ 28 , 29 ]. Moreover, several review papers discussing current achievements and future perspectives in the area of electrochemical aptasensors have recently been presented [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Only a few examples are cited here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Design Strategies of Multiplex Electrochemical Aptasensors

Grabowska

Hepel

Kurzątkowska-Adaszyńska

2021

Sensors

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In recent years, the need for simple, fast, and economical detection of food and environmental contaminants, and the necessity to monitor biomarkers of different diseases have considerably accelerated the development of biosensor technology. However, designing biosensors capable of simultaneous determination of two or more analytes in a single measurement, for example on a single working electrode in single solution, is still a great challenge. On the other hand, such analysis offers many advantages compared to single analyte tests, such as cost per test, labor, throughput, and convenience. Because of the high sensitivity and scalability of the electrochemical detection systems on the one hand and the specificity of aptamers on the other, the electrochemical aptasensors are considered to be highly effective devices for simultaneous detection of multiple-target analytes. In this review, we describe and evaluate multi-label approaches based on (1) metal quantum dots and metal ions, (2) redox labels, and (3) enzyme labels. We focus on recently developed strategies for multiplex sensing using electrochemical aptasensors. Furthermore, we emphasize the use of different nanomaterials in the construction of these aptasensors. Based on examples from the existing literature, we highlight recent applications of multiplexed detection platforms in clinical diagnostics, food control, and environmental monitoring. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the aptasensors developed so far, and debate possible challenges and prospects.

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From Small Molecules toward Whole Cells Detection: Application of Electrochemical Aptasensors in Modern Medical Diagnostics

Cited by 27 publications

References 199 publications

Recent Progress and Opportunities for Nucleic Acid Aptamers

Recent Progress and Opportunities for Nucleic Acid Aptamers

Fluorescent Aptasensor for Highly Specific Detection of ATP Using a Newly Screened Aptamer

Advances in Design Strategies of Multiplex Electrochemical Aptasensors

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