From Single-Protocol to Large-Scale Multi-Protocol Quantum Networks

Cao, Yuan; Zhao, Yongli; Zhang, Jie; Wang, Qin; Niyato, Dusit; Hanzo, Lajos

doi:10.1109/mnet.001.2200144

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…QKD networking can improve the interoperability, scalability, flexibility and robustness of quantum networks, as well as exploit the advantages of different QKD protocols, such as high key rates, high security, long distance transmission, etc. QKD networking requires solving some challenging problems, such as protocol conversion, [139] resource allocation, node architecture, network management, etc., and it can also be combined with other quantum communication technologies, such as quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and quantum teleportation (QST), to achieve higher-level quantum information services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress in quantum key distribution

Zhang 张,

Wu 吴,

Cui 崔

et al. 2023

Chinese Phys. B

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uantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a sophisticated method for securing information by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics. Its objective is to establish a confidential key between authorized partners who are connected via both a quantum channel and a classical authentication channel. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of QKD protocols, chip-based QKD systems, quantum light sources, quantum detectors, fiber-based QKD networks, space-based QKD systems, as well as the applications and future prospects of QKD technology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress in quantum key distribution

Zhang 张,

Wu 吴,

Cui 崔

et al. 2023

Chinese Phys. B

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“…Constrained by the capabilities of the state-of-the-art technologies at the time of writing, quantum communication relies on classical trusted nodes in networking applications [457]- [462], which have to be hosted in secure premises. Unless these premises are protected from potential eavesdroppers, the information security at the relay nodes potentially faces challenges.…”

Section: Networking Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Quantum Secure Direct Communication: On the Road to the Qinternet

Pan,

Long,

Yin

et al. 2024

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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Communication security has to evolve to a higher plane in the face of the threat from the massive computing power of the emerging quantum computers. Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) constitutes a promising branch of quantum communication, which is provably secure and overcomes the threat of quantum computing, whilst conveying secret messages directly via the quantum channel. In this survey, we highlight the motivation and the status of QSDC research with special emphasis on its theoretical basis and experimental verification. We will detail the associated point-to-point communication protocols and show how information is protected and transmitted. Finally, we discuss the open challenges as well as the future trends of QSDC networks, emphasizing again that QSDC is not a pure quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, but a fully-fledged secure communication scheme.

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“…2) Multiple-Protocols Quantum Networks: In the current developmental phase, various small-scale experimental quantum networks have been established, primarily focusing on testing and refining quantum communication and computing algorithms [13]. However, the use of disparate networking protocols in these quantum networks presents a significant barrier to achieving global interconnectedness and interoperability.…”

Section: Generative Ai-enabled Intelligent Resource Allocation For Qu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy-Preserving Intelligent Resource Allocation for Federated Edge Learning in Quantum Internet

Niyato

Yang

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process.

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Quantum computing networks enable scalable collaboration and secure information exchange among multiple classical and quantum computing nodes while executing large-scale generative AI computation tasks and advanced quantum algorithms. Quantum computing networks overcome limitations such as the number of qubits and coherence time of entangled pairs and offer advantages for generative AI infrastructure, including enhanced noise reduction through distributed processing and improved scalability by connecting multiple quantum devices. However, efficient resource allocation in quantum computing networks is a critical challenge due to factors including qubit variability and network complexity. In this article, we propose an intelligent resource allocation framework for quantum computing networks to improve network scalability with minimized resource costs. To achieve scalability in quantum computing networks, we formulate the resource allocation problem as stochastic programming, accounting for the uncertain fidelities of qubits and entangled pairs. Furthermore, we introduce state-of-the-art reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, from generative learning to quantum machine learning for optimal quantum resource allocation to resolve the proposed stochastic resource allocation problem efficiently. Finally, we optimize the resource allocation in heterogeneous quantum computing networks supporting quantum generative learning applications and propose a multi-agent RL-based algorithm to learn the optimal resource allocation policies without prior knowledge.

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From Single-Protocol to Large-Scale Multi-Protocol Quantum Networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Research progress in quantum key distribution

Research progress in quantum key distribution

The Evolution of Quantum Secure Direct Communication: On the Road to the Qinternet

Privacy-Preserving Intelligent Resource Allocation for Federated Edge Learning in Quantum Internet

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