From selective dissolution to crystal chemistry of brownmillerite in sulfate resisting cement

Abstract

The aim of this study is to extract brownmillerite from sulfate resisting Portland cement (SRPC) in order to determine its crystal chemistry and the effects of dissolution protocols. Brownmillerites (C4AF) from four SRPC were extracted and systematically studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.Two extraction steps were used. The first is the SAM protocol that leaves a residue rich in ferrite, C3A and sulfates. Precipitated hydrated sulfate minerals are also observed for clinker with high molar SO3/Na2Oeq ratio. The second, developed in this paper, uses acetic acid (AcA) to dissolve C3A and sulfates.The Rietveld refinements showed that all brownmillerites of this study crystallize in Ibm2 space group. Two families of brownmillerite were identified by their aluminum content and cell parameters, related to the presence of C3A in the clinker. EPMA indicated that ferrites from SR0 and SR3 cements have Al/Fe ratios about 0.7 and 0.8-1.0 respectively. XRD allows to predict the (Al+Mg+Si)/Fe ratio in brownmillerite in good agreement with EPMA. The SAM protocol is the best way to study crystal chemistry of brownmillerite and the AcA protocol is recommended to dissolve sulfates and C3A for further reactivity studies.

Resistance and durability of fly ash based geopolymer for heavy metal immobilization: properties and mechanism

“…Sulfate erosion mainly occurs in coastal and inland salt lake areas, especially in the environment of acidic groundwater or high viscous soil, which will have a certain impact on the strength of the geo-polymerization material. 14 The resistance to chloride ion permeability is also a significant indicator of the erosion resistance of the geopolymer. It measures the extent of diffusion or migration of ions within the structure when exposed to pressure or electric field force.…”