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“…Overall, this leads to the conclusion that engineered cell factories can significantly contribute to the economic potential of a biotechnological production process of xylitol. sustainability point of view is the possibility of CO 2 capture in the process, as the process stoichiometry requires a net CO 2 uptake (Mancini et al, 2020). Succinate is a metabolite in the citric acid cycle and naturally occurs in most microorganisms.…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Succinate is a metabolite in the citric acid cycle and naturally occurs in most microorganisms. The production of succinic acid with cell factories has been investigated thoroughly: the most promising cell factories for production are, amongst others, Actinobacillus succinogenes and Mannheimia succiniciproducens (Mancini et al, 2020). Also, engineered cell factories like Escherichia coli show favorable yield, productivity, and titer (Mancini et al, 2020).…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The production of succinic acid with cell factories has been investigated thoroughly: the most promising cell factories for production are, amongst others, Actinobacillus succinogenes and Mannheimia succiniciproducens (Mancini et al, 2020). Also, engineered cell factories like Escherichia coli show favorable yield, productivity, and titer (Mancini et al, 2020). A problem with the biotechnological production is the formation of other organic acids and the induced product inhibition, which can impair the performance of a fermenter and a complex downstream process (Mancini et al, 2020).…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, engineered cell factories like Escherichia coli show favorable yield, productivity, and titer (Mancini et al, 2020). A problem with the biotechnological production is the formation of other organic acids and the induced product inhibition, which can impair the performance of a fermenter and a complex downstream process (Mancini et al, 2020).…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Regarding biotechnological succinic acid production, earlier joint ventures of different companies failed in the past years. However, the market for biotechnologically produced succinic acid from sugar directly-and not from lignocellulosic biomass-is supposed to grow in the future (Jansen and van Gulik, 2014;Mancini et al, 2020;Orion Market Research, 2020).…”
This manuscript describes the conceptual process design of an integrated xylitol biorefinery with value-added co-products. Based on an existing three-step framework, the main product of a second-generation integrated biorefinery is chosen in the first stage. Based upon this, other decisions as the feedstock and value-added co-products are made. All relevant unit operations for the process are introduced. An initial superstructure with all potential process alternatives is composed of all introduced models. In the second step of the framework, a global sensitivity analysis is performed, firstly with coarse sampling to determine all viable flowsheet options and secondly with fine sampling to determine the most sensitive operational variables. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, most of the flowsheet options in the initial superstructure are not feasible. Based on these results, flowsheet sampling with the five most sensitive operational variables is performed to create surrogate models. In the scope of this work, three types of surrogate models are benchmarked against each other. Regarding the results of the superstructure optimization, firstly, it becomes apparent that the production of biokerosene does not contribute significantly to the net present value of the biorefinery. Furthermore, reducing the number of unit operations in the downstream processing leads to lower capital expenditures, but it lowers the product yield. Lastly, most flowsheets are economically feasible, indicated by a positive net present value. Based on this result, the most promising candidate process topology is subjected to the third step of the framework, including uncertainty in capital expenditure and operational expenses according to their estimations and uncertainties in the product prices. As a result, the net present value of the flowsheet turns negative, indicating that the high uncertainties for the expenditure and the expenses do not allow for an economically feasible operation. Lastly, the analysis of conceptually designed process flowsheets based on Monte Carlo sampling shows failure rates, with the NPV falling below the break-even point, of around 60% probability or higher. Based on these results, an economically feasible construction and operation of a xylitol biorefinery seems unlikely. Further ways to improve the metrics are elucidated.
“…Overall, this leads to the conclusion that engineered cell factories can significantly contribute to the economic potential of a biotechnological production process of xylitol. sustainability point of view is the possibility of CO 2 capture in the process, as the process stoichiometry requires a net CO 2 uptake (Mancini et al, 2020). Succinate is a metabolite in the citric acid cycle and naturally occurs in most microorganisms.…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Succinate is a metabolite in the citric acid cycle and naturally occurs in most microorganisms. The production of succinic acid with cell factories has been investigated thoroughly: the most promising cell factories for production are, amongst others, Actinobacillus succinogenes and Mannheimia succiniciproducens (Mancini et al, 2020). Also, engineered cell factories like Escherichia coli show favorable yield, productivity, and titer (Mancini et al, 2020).…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The production of succinic acid with cell factories has been investigated thoroughly: the most promising cell factories for production are, amongst others, Actinobacillus succinogenes and Mannheimia succiniciproducens (Mancini et al, 2020). Also, engineered cell factories like Escherichia coli show favorable yield, productivity, and titer (Mancini et al, 2020). A problem with the biotechnological production is the formation of other organic acids and the induced product inhibition, which can impair the performance of a fermenter and a complex downstream process (Mancini et al, 2020).…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, engineered cell factories like Escherichia coli show favorable yield, productivity, and titer (Mancini et al, 2020). A problem with the biotechnological production is the formation of other organic acids and the induced product inhibition, which can impair the performance of a fermenter and a complex downstream process (Mancini et al, 2020).…”
Section: Xylitolmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Regarding biotechnological succinic acid production, earlier joint ventures of different companies failed in the past years. However, the market for biotechnologically produced succinic acid from sugar directly-and not from lignocellulosic biomass-is supposed to grow in the future (Jansen and van Gulik, 2014;Mancini et al, 2020;Orion Market Research, 2020).…”
This manuscript describes the conceptual process design of an integrated xylitol biorefinery with value-added co-products. Based on an existing three-step framework, the main product of a second-generation integrated biorefinery is chosen in the first stage. Based upon this, other decisions as the feedstock and value-added co-products are made. All relevant unit operations for the process are introduced. An initial superstructure with all potential process alternatives is composed of all introduced models. In the second step of the framework, a global sensitivity analysis is performed, firstly with coarse sampling to determine all viable flowsheet options and secondly with fine sampling to determine the most sensitive operational variables. As a result of the sensitivity analysis, most of the flowsheet options in the initial superstructure are not feasible. Based on these results, flowsheet sampling with the five most sensitive operational variables is performed to create surrogate models. In the scope of this work, three types of surrogate models are benchmarked against each other. Regarding the results of the superstructure optimization, firstly, it becomes apparent that the production of biokerosene does not contribute significantly to the net present value of the biorefinery. Furthermore, reducing the number of unit operations in the downstream processing leads to lower capital expenditures, but it lowers the product yield. Lastly, most flowsheets are economically feasible, indicated by a positive net present value. Based on this result, the most promising candidate process topology is subjected to the third step of the framework, including uncertainty in capital expenditure and operational expenses according to their estimations and uncertainties in the product prices. As a result, the net present value of the flowsheet turns negative, indicating that the high uncertainties for the expenditure and the expenses do not allow for an economically feasible operation. Lastly, the analysis of conceptually designed process flowsheets based on Monte Carlo sampling shows failure rates, with the NPV falling below the break-even point, of around 60% probability or higher. Based on these results, an economically feasible construction and operation of a xylitol biorefinery seems unlikely. Further ways to improve the metrics are elucidated.
Succinic acid is recognized as a key component in the production of various commercially important chemical commodities. Technical‐economic analysis can provide valuable insights into the feasibility of large‐scale biochemical production of succinic acid. In this study, the effects of scale on the design of a biorefinery using sugarcane bagasse were evaluated using a detailed process modeling methodology. Four processes were simulated and compared, three based on patents from biosuccinic acid (bio‐SA) manufacturing companies and one based on a process economic program report (PEP). This methodology allowed for the analysis of scale benefits for each technological route. A comprehensive economic evaluation was conducted by comparing the biochemical processes in terms of investment and production costs, as well as the minimum selling price (MSP) of bio‐SA. Results show that the MSP of more promising process designs ranged from 3105 to 2095 $ t−1, which is compatible with the cost of petrochemical‐based succinic acid. Moreover, for capacities above 90 kt year−1, the MSP remains virtually constant, and every process evaluated revealed a breakdown in the project economy of scale. A sensitivity and risk analysis was carried out to evaluate the impacts of several process parameters on the project's technoeconomic analysis, resulting in bio‐SA selling price and investment costs as parameters with the highest impact on economic viability.
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