From ‘safety’ to ‘creativity’: changing discourses of the modern playground in South Korea

The Association between Comorbidities and Comorbid Injuries on Treatment Outcome in Pediatric and Elderly Patients with Injuries in Korea: An Observational Study

“…Specifically, "Minshik's law" was enacted in 2019, which stipulates that drivers who cause traffic accidents in child safety zones receive aggravated punishment [48]. Additionally, the act on safety management of child play facilities was enacted to allow children to safely and comfortably use the playground [49], and therefore prevent accidents. Further studies are warranted to determine whether these systems have positive influences on the incidence of accidents and the resulting pediatric injuries and deaths in order to identify effective safety measures.…”

Outdoor Playground Design Criteria Development for Early Childhood Development: A Delphi Study from the Perspective of Fundamental Movement Skills and Perceptual-Motor Skills

“…On the basis of the founding that the physical environment of outdoor playgrounds affects child development, the purpose of this research was to establish design criteria for sustainable outdoor playgrounds by taking the view of perceptual-motor abilities and fundamental movement skills into account. According to Chung [ 21 ], prevailing traditional outdoor playgrounds—far from what users, especially, parents, would expect—have a negative impact on the potential development of young children due to the limited play environment and its composition of typical back-number elements. Coming across this issue in Korea, the research also states that it has become more crucial in recent years as younger children have started to spend most of their time in daycare centers after the Free-Childcare System settled.…”

“…Outdoor space can give children more mental and physical freedom in less organized spaces for playing activities. This also vitalizes the momentum for children to spontaneously select to choose the activities they prefer and to take the initiative in more physical and complicated activities—with some even being challenging and risky [ 19 , 21 ]. Likewise, outdoor play itself represents a child’s regular life and learning process; as well as a way of expressing oneself and engaging the most stimulating factor that affects children’s development of fundamental motor skills and perceptual-motor abilities in advance.…”

“…Furthermore, allowing risky play in outdoor playgrounds is one of the essential factors for the development of children. This generates fresh insight into outdoor playground design, which tends to limit risky action and movements from happening to protect children from danger [ 21 , 54 ].…”

“…Furthermore, this requires the process and the result to all contribute to the development of social relationships [ 18 ], which is an exemplary case of social inclusion. A large and growing body of literature has investigated finding ways to add adventurous elements, successive challenges, accessibility, and links to local society in outdoor playgrounds [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. However, much of the research up to now was not able to state a general agreement on the design criteria for outdoor playgrounds from a child’s developmental perspective.…”