From rifting to oceanic spreading in the Gulf of Aden: a synthesis

Leroy, Sylvie; Razin, P.; Autin, Julia; Bache, François; d’Acremont, Elia; Watremez, Louise; Robinet, Jean-Charles; Baurion, Céline; Denèle, Yoann; Bellahsen, Nicolas; Lucazeau, Francis; Rolandone, F.; Rouzo, S.; Kiel, Josep Serra i; Robin, Cécile; Guillocheau, François; Tiberi, Christel; Basuyau, C.; Beslier, Marie‐Odile; Ebinger, C. J.; Stuart, G. W.; Ahmed, Abdulhakim; Khanbari, Khaled; Ganad, I. Al; Clarens, Ph. De; Unternehr, Patrick; Toubi, K. Al; Lazki, A. Al

doi:10.1007/s12517-011-0475-4

Cited by 135 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The EAR, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden rifts have formed during the last ∼35 my from the separation between the Nubian, Somalian, and Arabian plates (e.g., McKenzie et al, 1970;Leroy et al, 2012) (Fig. 1d).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Clustering and Energy Release of the African–Arabian Rift System

Hall¹,

Nixon

Keir

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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The earthquakes associated with continental deformation are spatially and temporally variable and are fundamental in understanding fault activity and seismogenic hazards. We conduct K-means cluster analysis on seismicity in the AfricanArabian rift systems to create the first computationally objective analysis of the pattern of earthquakes. We use seismic moment to compute spatial variations in maximum credible earthquake (Mcred) and likely time to the next major release of seismic energy. Our best-fit model has 32 clusters of ∼100-400 km in length, with cluster size decreasing northward along the rift and cluster boundaries correlating with major structural segmentation of the rift. Mcred varies between M w 5.2 and 7.4 across the whole dataset, with the highest values estimated in portions of the rift where the majority of extension is accommodated by seismogenic failure.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Clustering and Energy Release of the African–Arabian Rift System

Hall¹,

Nixon

Keir

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…34 Ma ; seafloor spreading initiated at the beginning of Miocene, 17.6 Ma ( d' Acremont et al, 2006Acremont et al, , 2010Leroy et al, 2012). During the same period, mantle exhumation was activated east of the AlulaFartak fracture zone (d 'Acremont et al, 2006;Leroy et al, 2010a;Autin et al, 2010;Watremez et al, 2011).…”

Section: Geodynamic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Gulf of Aden has a magmapoor or nonvolcanic margin to the east ( Leroy et al, 2004;d'Acremont et al, 2005) and a magmarich or volcanic margin to the west (Tard et al, 1991;Leroy et al, 2012;Ahmed et al, 2013); the magmatism is commonly attributed to elevated mantle temperatures associated with a mantle plume beneath Afar. It was previously assumed that the major discontinuity of Shukra el Sheik (long ~44°E) may indicate the spatial limit of the Afar plume's influence, as it corresponds to a major change in rheology of the lithosphere (Hébert et al, 2001).…”

Section: Geodynamic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was previously assumed that the major discontinuity of Shukra el Sheik (long ~44°E) may indicate the spatial limit of the Afar plume's influence, as it corresponds to a major change in rheology of the lithosphere (Hébert et al, 2001). However, several studies propose a limit of influence up to Xiis-Al Mukalla fracture zone (e.g., Leroy et al, 2012;Bellahsen et al, 2013). The rifted continental volcanic margins near the plume have synrift seawarddip ping reflector sequences to 5 km thick (Tard et al, 1991;Leroy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Geodynamic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, several studies propose a limit of influence up to Xiis-Al Mukalla fracture zone (e.g., Leroy et al, 2012;Bellahsen et al, 2013). The rifted continental volcanic margins near the plume have synrift seawarddip ping reflector sequences to 5 km thick (Tard et al, 1991;Leroy et al, 2012). Sea warddipping reflectors are sparse in the east, especially in the oceancontinent transition Leroy et al, 2010a), and no synrift volcanism has been observed east of long 46°E (Leroy et al, 2012; We studied the eastern part of Yemen and southwestern part of Oman in a region from the city of Al Mukalla (49°E, 14.5°N, Yemen) to Ras Madrakah (58°E, 19°N, Oman) (Fig.…”

Section: Geodynamic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upper mantle structure of the southern Arabian margin: Insights from teleseismic tomography

Korostelev¹,

Leroy²,

Keir³

et al. 2015

Geosphere

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We image the lithospheric and upper asthenospheric structure beneath the central and eastern parts of the northern Gulf of Aden rifted passive conti nental margin with 59 broadband stations to evaluate the role of transform fault zones on the evolution of magmapoor continental margins. We used tele seismic tomography to compute a relative P wave velocity model in eastern Yemen and southern Oman down to 400 km depth. Our model shows low velocity anomalies located in the vicinities of five major fracture zones and regions of recent volcanism. These lowvelocity anomalies are likely caused by localized asthenospheric upwelling and partial melting, caused by smallscale convection promoted by gradients in the lithosphereasthenosphere bound ary topography near the fracture zones. In addition, low velocities underlie regions of elevated topography between major sedimentary basins. We sug gest that locally buoyant mantle creates uplift and dynamic topography on the rift margin that affects the course of seasonal rivers and the sedimentation at the mouth of those rivers. Our new P wave velocity model suggests that the dynamic topography and recent volcanism in the central and eastern Gulf of Aden could be due to smallscale convection at the edge of the Arabian plate and/or in the vicinity of fracture zones. GEOSPHERE

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Cenozoic epeirogeny of the Arabian Peninsula from drainage modeling

Wilson

Hoggard

White

2014

Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.

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It is generally accepted that the Arabian Peninsula has been uplifted by subcrustal processes.Positive residual depth anomalies from oceanic crust in the Red Sea and in the Gulf of Aden suggest that a region surrounding this peninsula is dynamically supported. Admittance calculations, surface wave tomography studies, and receiver function analyses all imply that regional topography is generated and maintained by some combination of mantle convective circulation and lithospheric thickness changes. Despite these significant advances, the spatial and temporal uplift rate history of the Arabian Peninsula is not well known. Here we show that a regional uplift rate history can be obtained by jointly inverting 225 longitudinal river profiles that drain this peninsula. Our strategy assumes that shapes of individual river profiles are controlled by uplift rate history and moderated by erosional processes. We used local measurements of incision rate to calibrate the relevant erosional parameters. In our inverse algorithm, uplift rate is permitted to vary smoothly as a function of space and time but upstream drainage area remains invariant. We also assume that knickzone migration is not lithologically controlled. Implications of these important assumptions have been investigated. Our results suggest that the Arabian Peninsula underwent two phases of asymmetric uplift during the last 20-30 Ma at rates of 0.05-0.1 mm a 21 . The southwestern flank of the peninsula has been uplifted by 1.5-2.5 km. Regional stratigraphic constraints, the age and composition of volcanism, paleosol formation, incised peneplains, emergent marine terraces, and thermochronometric measurements corroborate our calculated patterns of uplift. Progressive development of three domal swells along the western margin of the peninsula is consistent with localized upwelling of hot asthenospheric mantle.

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From rifting to oceanic spreading in the Gulf of Aden: a synthesis

Cited by 135 publications

References 96 publications

Earthquake Clustering and Energy Release of the African–Arabian Rift System

Earthquake Clustering and Energy Release of the African–Arabian Rift System

Upper mantle structure of the southern Arabian margin: Insights from teleseismic tomography

Cenozoic epeirogeny of the Arabian Peninsula from drainage modeling

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