From Relief to Development: The Long‐term Effects of ‘Temporary’ Accommodation on Refugees and Displaced Persons in the Republic of Croatia

Ellis, Sue; Barakat, Sultan

doi:10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb00521.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Studies of resettlement from non-disaster causes are not new, and their causes include eviction from public housing (Cernea, 1993b;Oakley & Burchfi eld, 2009), infrastructure development (Nakayama, Gunawan, Yoshida, & Asaeda, 1999;Scudder, 1993), environmental change including droughts and fl oods (Jha, Bloch, & Lamond, 2011;Jülich, 2011), and social instability (Djuric, 2010;Ellis & Barakat, 1996). In the United States, debates on displacement fi rst emerged in the 1960s when cities began facing redevelopment needs as a result of hastened urbanization from the 1930s to the mid-1940s (Cernea, 1993a;Niebanck & Yessian, 1968;Rohe & Mouw, 1991).…”

Section: Planning Resettlement After Disasters: Background and Past Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning Resettlement After Disasters

Iuchi

2014

Journal of the American Planning Association

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Problem, research strategy, and fi ndings: The number of people displaced either temporarily or permanently from natural disasters has been increasing at an unprecedented rate. As a result, there is a growing need for a systematic framework of resettlement planning after disasters, to either rebuild in place (in situ) or to relocate, and whether to do so independently or collaboratively with their neighbors. To gain an in-depth understanding of how resettlement is advanced, I focus on a region in Chuetsu (Japan) supplemented with cases in New Orleans (LA) and Tohoku (Japan). Results suggest that resettlement decisions, processes, and outcomes refl ect both larger socioeconomic trends and interactions between governments, communities, and households. Although the governments' speed of resettlement planning and implementation initially set the pace, informal communication within communities most infl uenced decision making. In addition, inherent community dynamics, especially styles of communication, directly infl uenced resettlement decisions and outcomes. Takeaway for practice: Although every disaster is unique in its context, communities are the key players in determining resettlement outcomes. Key points of consideration include: a) resettlement decision processes vary based on the inherent characteristics of communities; b) government offi cials often emphasize speed, even though it undermines overall quality of rebuilding; c) reestablishing livelihoods of equal or greater satisfaction to that before the disaster is important; and d) local communities are often capable of identifying and acting for their needs, regardless of governmental intentions. Planners need to support the establishment of a system in which communities are empowered by governments to make the most suitable decisions for sustainable livelihood recovery.

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Section: Planning Resettlement After Disasters: Background and Past Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning Resettlement After Disasters

Iuchi

2014

Journal of the American Planning Association

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“…Traditionally, the 'relief' form of support is deployed as the first line of approach towards poverty reduction, but this is often criticised for its lack of sustainability and for developing a dependency mindset which further hinders future progress (Ellis and Barakat, 1996). Refusing to rely on hand-outs, many from displaced populations actively seek employment in the host location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrepreneurship through Bricolage: a study of displaced entrepreneurs at times of war and conflict

Kwong

Cheung

Manzoor

et al. 2018

Entrepreneurship & Regional Development

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War and conflict brings about adverse changes for those who are displaced. How do entrepreneurial individuals respond to such adversity to either setup , or continue with their existing entrepreneurial endeavours that would improve their own livelihood or that of others who have been affected? Whilst previous studies have found local knowledge, networks and resources to be crucial in the development of ventures in the war and conflict context, alienation from mainstream society within the host location often means that to succeed, those who are displaced require alternative strategies and approaches. Through examining the entrepreneurship ventures of six internally displaced entrepreneurs in Pakistan, our study identifies that entrepreneurial individuals find different ways to adapt to the new order, with both internal and external bricolage becoming the key strategies deployed to either re-establish their previous business(es) or to develop new endeavour(s) in the host location. To compensate for lack of local knowledge, networks and resources, we found that entrepreneurs followed closely their previous paths in their bricolage attempts, relying on reconfigurations of their preexisting competencies, as well as utilising pre-established and clandestine networks.

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“…Kleinschmidt (2015) referred to how "refugees at the vast Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan took things into their own hands, hacking the electricity supply to power businesses, erecting fountains and even building swimming pools." Ellis and Barrakat (1996) suggested participatory projects to avoid refugees being passive recipients. Recent guidelines do indeed define refugee participation in camp design and development: a process that requires collective action taken to contribute to solutions (CCCM Cluster, 2015a).…”

Section: Resource Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the design of refugee camps

Jahre

Kembro

Adjahossou

et al. 2018

JHLSCM

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Purpose -An unprecedented scale of human migration has lead humanitarians to view camps as long-term settlements rather than temporary holding facilities. The purpose of this paper is to increase the understanding of and identify challenges with this proposed new approach to camp design. Design/methodology/approach -Based on the camp design literature, the authors developed an interview guide and checklist for data collection. A multi-site case study and within-and cross-case analysis was then conducted. Findings -The findings suggest that the proposed new approach is implemented only to a limited extent, and mostly in a stepwise manner. As camps mature, there is a shift toward the new approach, but most camps are established using the traditional top-down, temporary, and isolated approach.Research limitations/implications -The findings are based on four camps in four different countries and do not provide an exhaustive global coverage. Practical implications -The insights the authors derived and the challenges identified from the empirical evidence can be used to better plan future camps. Social implications -The results can support improvements in camp design, thus alleviating suffering for both refugees and host communities, particularly in developing countries. In particular, the trade-off between a permanent solution and the temporary must be accounted for.Originality/value -The study contributes to the literature by developing and proposing a conceptual framework to camp design. The cross-case analysis provides an initial understanding and categorization of challenges with implementing the new approach. It also suggests an evolutionary perspective of camp design.

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From Relief to Development: The Long‐term Effects of ‘Temporary’ Accommodation on Refugees and Displaced Persons in the Republic of Croatia

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Planning Resettlement After Disasters

Planning Resettlement After Disasters

Entrepreneurship through Bricolage: a study of displaced entrepreneurs at times of war and conflict

Approaches to the design of refugee camps

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