From Red Tides to Green and Brown Tides: Bloom Dynamics in a Restricted Subtropical Lagoon Under Shifting Climatic Conditions

Monitoring of the 2011 Super Algal Bloom in Indian River Lagoon, FL, USA, Using MERIS

“…Field in-situ data further supported our satellite data analysis results that the bloom began in the BR based on monthly Chl a samples collected by Philps et al [39,40]. Heavy rains can increase nutrient levels in the IRL and are thought to be a trigger for previous algal blooms of picocyanobacteria and dinoflagellates in the summer months [39][40][41]. between March and April, but these concentrations are not significantly different from their historical means since they had been decreasing in concentration over the past decade [30].…”

“…Water quality data collected by the SJRWMD supports our satellite data analysis ( Figure 5) in May (3× of the March value). Field in-situ data further supported our satellite data analysis results that the bloom began in the BR based on monthly Chl a samples collected by Philps et al [39,40]. Heavy rains can increase nutrient levels in the IRL and are thought to be a trigger for previous algal blooms of picocyanobacteria and dinoflagellates in the summer months [39][40][41].…”

Evidence of sewage-driven eutrophication and harmful algal blooms in Florida's Indian River Lagoon

“…Macroalgae in the IRL are known to respond to increased N availability with increased growth (Lapointe and Ryther, 1979) and excessive biomass has been symptomatic of accelerating eutrophication for several decades (Bricker et al, 2007). The timing of our study was serendipitous as it coincided with the end of a multi-year drought, reduced abundance of drift macroalgae ( (Phlips et al, 2014). Seagrass loss ($45% or $31,600 acres by June 2011; SJRWMD, unpublished data) immediately following the onset of the superbloom during the first year of our study was substantial and was reflected in our Wet 2011 seagrass surveys.…”

A Novel Immunofluorescence Flow Cytometry Technique Detects the Expansion of Brown Tides Caused by Aureoumbra lagunensis to the Caribbean Sea

“…Partly as a result of this difference in distribution, A. anophagefferens has been studied far more extensively than A. lagunensis (7,24,27,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). However, the recent expansion of A. lagunensis from Texas to Florida's East Coast and now Cuba has begun to generate renewed interest in this brown tide species (15,37). While culture studies of this species have been common (12,15,(38)(39)(40), field and monitoring studies of A. lagunensis have been partly hampered by an inability to accurately and rapidly enumerate this species.…”