From Product Dispensing to Patient Care: The Role of the Pharmacist in Providing Pharmaceutical Care as Part of an Integrated Disease Management Approach

Professional development of pharmaceutical care in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multidisciplinary conceptual model

“…This finding concurs with the view espoused by Walshe et al that definition of healthcare professions by title -pharmacists, doctors, nurses -is outdated by the fact that, in practice, many of the activities the professions undertake overlap. 33 Pharmacist documents treatment outcomes within management plan 13,20 Pharmacist investigates and documents adverse treatment effects 12,13,20,23,27,28 Patient profile and care plan maintained and shared with the clinical team 13,19,20 Individualised changes made by pharmacist within management plan 13,19,20,27 Patient educational needs addressed 12 13 Patient / carer educated on self-management 12,13,[17][18][19]22,24 Patient educated on medicines-related care issues 12,13,[17][18][19][20]22,23 Patient educated on treatment options 12,13,17,18,[21][22][23][24][25] Specialist referral if necessary for management plan of chronic illness/shared care 13,19 Hospital pharmacist patient...…”

“…19,20 Monitoring of co-prescribed medicines and over-the-counter medicines purchased Pharmacist changes care plan to individualise medicines treatment to meet patients needs 12,13,20,22,25,26 Adjustments to pharmaceutical care plan made with reference to agreed management plan 20 (cont.) Patient's self-management records and self-reporting of symptoms routinely monitored 19 9 Treatment effects reviewed against expectations Pharmacist investigates and documents adverse treatment effects 12,13,20,23,27,28 Periods of hypoglycaemia should be documented 19 13,20 Confirmation of satisfactory achievement sought and documented. 12,25,26 Failure to reach targets addressed by referral for clinical review 19,20 Role of the community pharmacist From Table 5, it is clear that, while the extension of the role of the community pharmacist in the care of the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus was generally supported, the GPs generally were less clear than nurse/hospital doctor specialists about the community pharmacist's position in the team.…”

“…The search yielded 31 published papers of which 14 were useful. 12,13,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] . Using this published work, a care model to represent multidisciplinary care of the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus was drafted by the research group (Figure 1), initially as a generic model for chronic diseases.…”

A consensus model for delivery of structured pharmaceutical care for the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus by Scottish community pharmacists

“…Community pharmacists showed they would be comfortable with adjusting doses of all drug groups except insulin. Between Delphi D1 and Delphi D2, the wording on this question about prescribing (questions [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] was changed from 'prescribing' to 'adjusting doses', as the comments from Delphi D1 seemed to suggest some pharmacists may, at this point in time, be more comfortable adjusting doses using a patient group directive rather than being trained as a supplementary prescriber.…”

<p>Assessment of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students’ Attitude Towards Pharmaceutical Care in Pakistan: Practice Implications</p>

“…Over the past few decades, a paradigm shift has been seen in the role of the pharmacist, which was previously focused on drug dispensing only, but now it is targeted towards patient care. 1 The professional duties of pharmacists have been changed and now they are not only the compounder and supplier of pharmaceutical products, but they are more often involved in the patient care process by addressing the drug-related needs of the patients. This new patient-centered approach is known as pharmaceutical care (PC).…”