From Principles of Learning to Strategies for Instruction with Workbook Companion

Perencevich, Kathleen C.; Seidel, Robert J.; Kett, Allyson L.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-71086-0

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 174 publications

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“…Moreover, the formulation of critical realist descriptions highlighted that implementation of AR could limit the development of adaptive expertise. It is important to note that there is much consensus in the literature related to manual skills that the attributes of adaptive expertise should be the goal of skills development (Dawson, 1998; Ferris and Aziz, 2005; Freak et al , 2006; Maclay, 1969; Perencevich et al , 2005; Simpson, 1972). Also in the literature related to the use of the internet in education and training, it is argued that the skill learning of traditional apprenticeships cannot be emulated by just using the internet as a platform to pipe information through digital communication tools.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting real about innovations

Fox

2012

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of how descriptions of innovations can be formulated in order to reduce the potential for ontological uncertainty. Ontological uncertainty exists when individuals have perceptions about the future consequences of an innovation, which are based more on their diverse world views than on the innovation itself.Design/methodology/approachThe research comprised unstructured interviews and review of the literature relating to innovation hype, innovation reliability, innovation negative unintended consequences, and critical realism.FindingsCritical realist diagrams provide the basis for descriptions that can encompass an innovation's purpose; the functions and conditions which are necessary for its reliable operation; and also potential negative unintended consequences that might arise from the innovation.Practical implicationsThere can be much hype and little clarity surrounding an innovation. This can make it easier for different stakeholders to have different perceptions of the same innovation. By increasing the clarity of descriptions, there can be less uncertainty about the purpose, reliability, and consequences of an innovation.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper is that provides example innovation descriptions which illustrate how hype can be decreased and clarity can be increased. The value of this paper is that supports reduction of ontological uncertainty in practice.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting real about innovations

Fox

2012

International Journal of Managing Projects in Business

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“…Next, the learner may advance to the autonomous stage of being able to perform the skill elegantly with minimal cognitive effort [ 51 ]. Eventually, the learner may become able to transfer psychomotor skills successfully to new tasks in new settings [ 52 , 53 , 54 ]. The higher the mastery of psychomotor skills, the less thought ( S int ) is involved in their performance [ 55 ].…”

Section: Heuristic Framework For Modelling Disturbances In Psychommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As illustrated in Figure 1 , work that is not disturbed can be carried out in the autonomous flow of least action where there is more S e (solid line) than S int (dotted line) due to automaticity [ 44 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ].…”

Section: Heuristic Framework For Modelling Disturbances In Psychommentioning

confidence: 99%

Variational Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Effects on Action from Disturbances in Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg, and Robot Workers

Fox

Kotelba

2019

Entropy

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Optimal psychomotor work can be expressed in terms of the principle of least psychomotor action (PLPA). Modelling psychomotor action encompasses modelling workers, work, and interactions between them that involve different types of situated entropy. Modelling of psychomotor workers encompasses three types of workers: human, cyborg, and robot. The type of worker and the type of work interact to affect positioning actions, performing actions, and perfecting actions undertaken in psychomotor tasks. There are often disturbances in psychomotor work, for example due to weather conditions, which have a determining influence on what work can be undertaken with least psychomotor action by different types of workers. In this paper, findings are reported from a study focused on the modelling disturbances in psychomotor work. Five contributions are provided. First, a heuristic framework for modelling disturbances and their effects is provided. In addition to PLPA and situated entropy, this framework encompasses Markov processes, the theory of perturbations, and calculus of variations. Second, formulae and ratios are provided for heuristic modelling of effects on internal action (S int ) from disturbances to psychomotor work. Third, formulae and ratios are provided for heuristic modelling of effects on external action (S e ). Fourth, examples are provided of heuristic modelling of disturbances in psychomotor work. Fifth, formulae and examples show how task complexity can be modelled heuristically in terms of microstates across the cyber domain and the physical domain of cyber-physical systems. Overall, the study reported in this paper addresses variational aspects of PLPA. Entropy 2019, 21, 543 2 of 26examples are provided of heuristic modelling of disturbances in psychomotor work. Fifth, examples show how task complexity can be modelled heuristically in terms of microstates across the cyber domain and the physical domain of cyber-physical systems. Together, these contributions enable heuristic modelling of effects from disturbances on interactions between diverse psychomotor work and workers: rather than on autonomous systems [1][2][3][4].The study reported here builds upon research reported in two previous papers in Entropy. The first paper [5] provided an explanation of how resources for physical production work, such as work instructions, product components, and workstations, can be carriers of situated information, and also carriers of various types of situated entropy. The second paper [6] expanded upon this [5] by generalizing from examples to the three categories of work setting, work composition, and work uncertainty, and to three aspects of worker action: positioning, performing, and perfecting. In addition, details were provided about the state-of-the-art for psychomotor capabilities of human, cyborgs, and robot workers. Moreover, the principle of least psychomotor action (PLPA) was introduced as follows: the preferred combination of worker types is that which can carry out psychomotor work with the least internal ...

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“…Furthermore, when humans have developed autonomous psychomotor work skills, they have adaptive expertise that enables them to transfer their skills to new situations. This is very different to novices whose physical motions are more clumsy than elegant, and are limited to one situation such as training class [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Autonomous human psychomotor skills are an example of embodied cognition where the physical body has a constitutive role in cognitive processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Situated Entropy in Optimization of Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg and Robot Workers

Fox¹,

Kotelba²

2018

Entropy

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Entropy in workplaces is situated amidst workers and their work. In this paper, findings are reported from a study encompassing psychomotor work by three types of workers: human, cyborg and robot; together with three aspects of psychomotor work: setting, composition and uncertainty. The Principle of Least Psychomotor Action (PLPA) is introduced and modelled in terms of situated entropy. PLPA is founded upon the Principle of Least Action. Situated entropy modelling of PLPA is informed by theoretical studies concerned with connections between information theory and thermodynamics. Four contributions are provided in this paper. First, the situated entropy of PLPA is modelled in terms of positioning, performing and perfecting psychomotor skills. Second, with regard to workers, PLPA is related to the state-of-the-art in human, cyborg and robot psychomotor skills. Third, with regard to work, situated entropy is related to engineering of work settings, work composition and work uncertainty. Fourth, PLPA and modelling situated entropy are related to debate about the future of work. Overall, modelling situated entropy is introduced as a means of objectively modelling relative potential of humans, cyborgs, and robots to carry out work with least action. This can introduce greater objectivity into debates about the future of work.

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From Principles of Learning to Strategies for Instruction with Workbook Companion

Cited by 3 publications

References 174 publications

Getting real about innovations

Getting real about innovations

Variational Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Effects on Action from Disturbances in Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg, and Robot Workers

Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Situated Entropy in Optimization of Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg and Robot Workers

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