From positive psychology to psychopathology: the continuum of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

Greven, Corina U.; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Salum, Giovanni Abrahão

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12786

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…There are several practical ways in which psychiatric geneticists can incorporate the HiTOP phenotypic definitions into their research and test HiTOP hypotheses further, as summarized in Box 1. Studies in planning stages could consider including measures of dimensional phenotypes that capture transdiagnostic phenotypes, as well as the full dimension of liability to and severity of psychopathology from low to moderate to high, and not just its maladaptive ends captured by case vs. control status (Conway et al, 2010;Greven, Buitelaar, & Salum, 2018;Van Der Sluis et al, 2010). Some of the HiTOP-compatible scales (interview as well as self-report) that allow for higher-order and bifactor modeling are listed in Kotov et al (2017).…”

Section: How To Hitop: a Practical Guide For Genetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining Phenotypes to Advance Psychiatric Genetics: Implications from Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology

Waszczuk¹

2018

Preprint

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Genetic discovery in psychiatry and clinical psychology is hindered by suboptimal phenotypic definitions. We argue that the hierarchical, dimensional, and data-driven classification system proposed by the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) consortium provides a more effective approach to identifying genes that underlie mental disorders, and to studying psychiatric etiology, than current diagnostic categories. Specifically, genes are expected to operate at different levels of the HiTOP hierarchy, with some highly pleiotropic genes influencing higher-order psychopathology (e.g. the general factor), whereas other genes conferring more specific risk for individual spectra (e.g. internalizing), subfactors (e.g. fear disorders), or narrow symptoms (e.g. mood instability). We propose that the HiTOP model aligns well with the current understanding of the higher-order genetic structure of psychopathology that has emerged from a large body of family and twin studies. We also discuss the convergence between the HiTOP model and findings from recent molecular studies of psychopathology indicating broad genetic pleiotropy, such as cross-disorder SNP-based shared genetic covariance and polygenic risk scores, and we highlight molecular genetic studies that have successfully redefined phenotypes to enhance precision and statistical power. Finally, we suggest how to integrate a HiTOP approach into future molecular genetic research, including quantitative and hierarchical assessment tools for future data-collection and recommendations concerning phenotypic analyses.

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Section: How To Hitop: a Practical Guide For Genetic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redefining Phenotypes to Advance Psychiatric Genetics: Implications from Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology

Waszczuk¹

2018

Preprint

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“…Numerous published studies have demonstrated that the SWAN generates bidirectional distributions that are near-normal (Arnett et al, 2013;Lakes, Swanson, & Riggs, 2012;Young, Levy, Martin, & Hay, 2009) . Importantly, among individuals with ADHD symptomatology (i.e., a clinical sample), there is generally a high degree of agreement between the SWAN and traditional scales (Greven et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring strengths and weaknesses in dimensional psychiatry

Alexander

Salum

Swanson

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe Extended Strengths and Weaknesses Assessment of Normal Behavior (E‐SWAN) reconceptualizes each diagnostic criterion for selected DSM‐5 disorders as a behavior, which can range from high (strengths) to low (weaknesses). Initial development focused on Panic Disorder, Social Anxiety, Major Depression, and Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder.MethodsData were collected from 523 participants (ages 6–17). Parents completed each of the four E‐SWAN scales and traditional unidirectional scales addressing the same disorders. Distributional properties, Item Response Theory Analysis (IRT), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess and compare the performance of E‐SWAN and traditional scales.ResultsIn contrast to the traditional scales, which exhibited truncated distributions, all four E‐SWAN scales had symmetric distributions. IRT analyses indicate the E‐SWAN subscales provided reliable information about respondents throughout the population distribution; traditional scales only provided reliable information about respondents at the high end of the distribution. Predictive value for DSM‐5 diagnoses was comparable to prior scales.ConclusionsE‐SWAN bidirectional scales can capture the full spectrum of the population distribution of behavior underlying DSM disorders. The additional information provided can better inform examination of inter‐individual variation in population studies, as well as facilitate the identification of factors related to resiliency in clinical samples.

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“…Our research has confirmed the legitimacy of this research trend to examine a conceptually new orientation to measuring positive aspects of personality. It taps into a broad area of contemporary positive psychology that attempts to emphasize the importance of affirmative and positive characteristics related to life satisfaction, human development, and personal growth in conjunction with accepting the existence, and even adaptive usefulness, of negative traits (Greven, Buitelaar, & Salum, 2018;Ivtzan et al, 2015). Such dimensions as Kantianism, Humanism, and Faith in Humanity enrich our understanding of human behaviour and shed new light on the ways in which individuals try to achieve important goals, relate to others and complete their tasks.…”

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confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties and validation of the Polish adaptation of the Light Triad Scale

Gerymski¹,

Krok²

2019

Current Issues in Personality Psychology

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The aim of the study was to examine the development and structural validation of the Polish version of the Light Triad Scale, which measures three factors: Faith in Humanity, Humanism, and Kantianism. This tool reflects caring and beneficent orientation toward other people, which is demonstrated in everyday behaviour. participants and procedure The participants included 400 people aged between 18 and 80 (M = 29.17, SD = 10.60). To measure psychometric properties and for validation of the scale, we used the Polish Dirty Dozen scale and International Personality Item Pool-Big Five Aspect Scales. results Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis using α and ω coefficients, and two measures of validity (content and criterion validity) were applied. The statistical analyses confirmed an acceptable fit of the three-factor model. The α and ω reliability coefficients were satisfactory, with the highest value for Faith in Humanity, and the lowest one for Kantianism. The validity indices of CVR and CVI indicated that the Polish scale items fit well into the concept of the Light Triad. conclusions Overall, the Polish version of the Light Triad Scale proved to be a valuable and reliable tool which presents an innovative approach to measuring positive features of personality and behaviour. Our results demonstrated that the scale as a whole has good psychometric properties that allow its use in further research.

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From positive psychology to psychopathology: the continuum of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Redefining Phenotypes to Advance Psychiatric Genetics: Implications from Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology

Redefining Phenotypes to Advance Psychiatric Genetics: Implications from Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology

Measuring strengths and weaknesses in dimensional psychiatry

Psychometric properties and validation of the Polish adaptation of the Light Triad Scale

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