From polymeric carbon nitride to carbon materials: extended application to electrochemical energy conversion and storage

Abstract

This review highlights the latest research advancements regarding the electrochemical energy conversion and storage application from PCN to PCN-derived carbon materials.

The impacts of nitrogen doping on the electrochemical hydrogen storage in a carbon

“…37 Heteroatom doping on the surface of carbon materials with nonmetals, such as boron (B), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and selenium (Se), can effectively improve the surface hydrophilicity, conductivity, pKa value, and electron transfer kinetic path by changing the surface element distribution. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] C and N are close to each other in the periodic table of elements. By virtue of their basically consistent atomic radii, doping N atoms into the carbon hexagon structure will not cause serious deformation of the carbon skeleton.…”

“…In addition, the lone pair electrons of each N atom are able to offer negative charges for the delocalized π system of sp 2 hybrid carbon, thus enhancing the electronic transmission as well as improving the conductivity and chemical activities of the carbon materials. 19,39,40,44,45,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54] For the carbon materials, the electron rich property of N atoms is not only propitious to reduce the valence band, but also can strengthen the chemical stability. 55 Furthermore, the nitrogen doping can boost the Lewis and Bronsted basicity of the carbon materials, which can be attributed to the significant improvement of surface hydrophilicity.…”

“…Hence, it is necessary to introduce heteroatoms on the surface of carbon materials for functional modification 37 . Heteroatom doping on the surface of carbon materials with nonmetals, such as boron (B), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), and selenium (Se), can effectively improve the surface hydrophilicity, conductivity, pKa value, and electron transfer kinetic path by changing the surface element distribution 38‐46 …”

“…At the same time, many meaningful defect sites can be successfully introduced to reinforce the adsorption and insertion of H atoms in the carbon materials. In addition, the lone pair electrons of each N atom are able to offer negative charges for the delocalized π system of sp 2 hybrid carbon, thus enhancing the electronic transmission as well as improving the conductivity and chemical activities of the carbon materials 19,39,40,44,45,48‐54 . For the carbon materials, the electron rich property of N atoms is not only propitious to reduce the valence band, but also can strengthen the chemical stability 55 .…”

Copolymerization behavior of diallyldimethylammonium chloride‐nonionic macromonomer in water‐ether mixture solution and flotation performance of the copolymer for treating oily wastewater

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds have historically been the most important and extensively used cationic polyelectrolytes with linear and star-like structure. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DMDAAC) has high charge density, good water solubility, low toxicity, and low price and is one of the most used cationic monomers. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDMDAAC) is a cyclic polycation, which has been widely used in many industrial and biological applications, such as flocculant in wastewater treatment, biocatalyst agents in biological, antimicrobial biocide, medical, food applications, and layer-bylayer assembly.…”