From Polis to Madina: Urban Change in Late Antique and Early Islamic Syria

Kennedy, Hugh

doi:10.1093/past/106.1.3

Cited by 272 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The impression I gain from recent archaeologically orientated research is thus that the development of settlement in late classical antiquity and early Byzantine times (and as concerns the Islamic areas even later) was highly conditioned by political and military developments in the empires (cf also 56). These developments-notably including over-exploitation-seem to have driven the entire social fabric towards crises, which were remedied, by (among other measures) shifting the economic areas of gravity.…”

Section: Rural Settlementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Demise of Antiquity: Europe and the Mediterranean in the First Millennium AD

Randsborg¹

1989

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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INTRODUCTIONThree major social processes took place in Europe and the Mediterranean in the flrst millennium AD: the decline of classical antiquity, the rise of Western Europe, and the integration of the barbarian world with mainstream de velopments (79). Each of these processes has been illuminated by both written historical sources and the material remains of the past as studied by archaeology; but the investigation of the flrst millennium AD is still far from being an integrated one. Opposing schools of research, in particular script history and general archaeology, but also art history, the history of religion, philosophy and literature, the history of law, linguistics, etc, strive to come to terms with the period. Even within archaeology, for example, the problems dealt with and the scientiflc language spoken in classical archaeology are very different from those of general archaeology. Research traditions-be they rooted in different data, regions of study, or approaches-are paramount in the investigation of the flrst millennium AD. Furthermore, as this period constitutes the rise of the pre-modem world in Europe, these differences among researchers also have strong overtones of moral philosophy, ideology, Eurocentrism, chauvinism, etc. In short, we are dealing with an academic 227

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Section: Rural Settlementsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Demise of Antiquity: Europe and the Mediterranean in the First Millennium AD

Randsborg¹

1989

Annu. Rev. Anthropol.

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“…The “long” eighth century—from the creation of an Islamic state by ʿAbd al‐Malik after 685 to the foundation of Sāmarrāʾ in 836—has generally been understood as a sustained episode of economic growth for the Middle East (Kennedy, , , ; Power, , 208–212; Walmsley, ). Yet this does not seem to have been the case for the Red Sea region, where a troika of rapacious taxation, forced labour, and land confiscation fuelled spiralling rebellion and sedition in Egypt and Yemen.…”

Section: Red Sea Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

TheRedSea under theCaliphalDynasties, c. 639–1171

Power

2018

History Compass

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Students of world history will be familiar with the Red Sea as a strategic communications corridor linking the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean. This paper examines the Red Sea region between the seventh and twelfth centuries, when it was ruled by a succession of Islamic caliphal dynasties, namely, the Umayyads, ʿAbbāsids, and Fāṭimids. It first sets out a sketch of the political history of the Red Sea and its constituent hinterland polities, including particularly Egypt, Sudan, al-Ḥijāz, and Yemen, drawing attention to episodes and processes in which the Red Sea was significant. A section on Africa and Arabia explores the Red Sea as a zone of economic and social interaction; another section deals with the historic shift of Indian Ocean trade from the ʿAbbāsid Persian Gulf to the Fāṭimid Red Sea. Finally, the impact of the Red Sea on its constituent hinterland polities and the wider sweep of Islamic history is considered.

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“…). Local authorities may have been more amenable to such encroachment into the street, both here and in other minor thoroughfares, when the change was unlikely to disrupt traffic (Kennedy , 26). The potential for additional municipal revenues may have provided a further impetus to the relatively orderly appropriation of public sidewalks and streets in the fourth century, when local finances across the Mediterranean were under considerable strain owing to increased imperial exactions (Liebeschuetz , 40; Saradi , 151, 160–1; Loseby , 143–5).…”

Section: Housing In Late Antique Emeritamentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing in Late Antique Augusta Emerita: The End of The Peristyle House

Osland

2017

Oxford J Archaeology

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Summary This article presents the archaeological evidence for a comprehensive change in the residential pattern of late antique Mérida, Spain (Augusta Emerita) in the second half of the fifth century AD. By the fourth century AD, the peristyle house had become the fundamental unit of aristocratic late Roman housing, offering the ideal setting for high‐status interactions, aristocratic ceremony, and even private and public business. The peristyle house was gradually replaced by subdivision housing in the course of the fifth and sixth centuries, in a trend seen throughout the late Roman world. In Emerita, however, the transition was quite sudden. Here, a destructive event in the middle of the fifth century paved the way for the rapid introduction of subdivision housing, over just a few decades. While this new style of housing was typical of the late antique world, the evidence from Emerita highlights the role that a local catalyst might play in the adoption of new cultural forms.

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From Polis to Madina: Urban Change in Late Antique and Early Islamic Syria

Cited by 272 publications

References 0 publications

The Demise of Antiquity: Europe and the Mediterranean in the First Millennium AD

The Demise of Antiquity: Europe and the Mediterranean in the First Millennium AD

TheRedSea under theCaliphalDynasties, c. 639–1171

Housing in Late Antique Augusta Emerita: The End of The Peristyle House

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