From PET detectors to PET scanners

Humm, John L.; Rosenfeld, Anatoly B.; Guerra, A. Del

doi:10.1007/s00259-003-1266-2

Cited by 207 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The presented distributions show that in order to limit registration of gamma quanta scattered in the patient to the range from 0 to about 60 degrees (as it was applied earlier e.g. in some LSO or BGO based tomographs (Humm et al 2003)), one has to use an energy threshold of about 0.2 MeV (Moskal et al 2012). The scatter fraction can be further reduced at the expense of the sensitivity, yet it should be noted that its suppression to the level achievable in the newest LSO based scanners with the energy window of 0.440-0.625 MeV (Surti et al 2007) is questionable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The system is based on long strips of plastic scintillators which are characterized by better timing properties than the inorganic scintillator crystals used in the state of the art PET scanners ( Conti 2009, Humm et al 2003, Karp et al 2008, Townsend 2004 (Left) Schematic view of the two detection modules of the J-PET detector. A single detection module consists of a scintillator strip read out by two photomultipliers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in positron emission tomography (PET), where the new generation of PET scanners utilizes for the image reconstruction differences between time of flight (TOF) of annihilation quanta from the annihilation vertex to the detectors ( Conti 2009, Humm et al 2003, Karp et al 2008, Townsend 2004, Moses Derenzo 1999, Moses 2003, Conti Eriksson 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Recent tests of a single module of the Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomography system (J-PET) consisting of 30 cm long plastic scintillator strips have proven its applicability for the detection of annihilation quanta (0.511 MeV) with a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 0.266 ns. The achieved resolution is almost by a factor of two better with respect to the current TOF-PET detectors and it can still be improved since, as it is shown in this article, the intrinsic limit of time resolution for the determination of time of the interaction of 0.511 MeV gamma quanta in plastic scintillators is much lower. As the major point of the article, a method allowing to record timestamps of several photons, at two ends of the scintillator strip, by means of matrix of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) is introduced. As a result of simulations, conducted with the number of SiPM varying from 4 to 42, it is shown that the improvement of timing resolution saturates with the growing number of photomultipliers, and that the 2 x 5 configuration at two ends allowing to read twenty timestamps, constitutes an optimal solution. The conducted simulations accounted for the emission time distribution, photon transport and absorption inside the scintillator, as well as quantum efficiency and transit time spread of photosensors, and were checked based on the experimental results. Application of the 2 x 5 matrix of SiPM allows for achieving the coincidence resolving time in positron emission tomography of ≈ 0.170 ns for 15 cm axial field-of-view (AFOV) and ≈ 0.365 ns for 100 cm AFOV. The results open perspectives for construction of a cost-effective TOF-PET scanner with significantly better TOF resolution and larger AFOV with respect to the current

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph

et al. 2016

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“…Existen dos grandes clases de sistemas: sistemas que consisten en detectores parciales, y que por lo tanto han de girar alrededor de la muestra 29,48,49 , y los de anillo completo. La razón que justifica la existencia de estas dos aproximaciones tecnológicas es de índole económica, dado que el componente más caro de todo el sistema es el detector, y completar un anillo con el fin de eliminar la necesidad del movimiento de rotación es sin duda una solución costosa (tabla 3).…”

Section: Equipos Comercialesunclassified

“…Se trata de un sistema de detectores giratorios en cristales pixelados de YAP:Ce acoplados a fotomultiplicadores sensibles a posición 48 . A pesar de tratarse de un centelleador de baja densidad, puede ser usado para la detección de fotones gamma de 511 keV, utilizando la interacción Compton en vez de la fotoeléctrica, lo que limita su resolución en energía; si se inserta un colimador también puede usarse para trazadores de fotón único de menor energía.…”

Section: Yap-(s)petunclassified

Limitaciones tecnológicas de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) para pequeños animales de laboratorio

Vaquero

Desco

2005

Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear

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Resumen.-La visualización y cuantificación de la función de determinados órganos en animales de laboratorio mediante PET está demostrando ser una herramienta de gran relevancia para la caracterización del fenotipo de animales transgénicos y noqueados, en el estudio de modelos de enfermedades humanas, así como para el descubrimiento y desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos y sondas bioquímicas. Para poder utilizar la PET en animales de laboratorio de un modo análogo al que se aplica en humanos es necesario contemplar el factor de escala en el tamaño del vóxel así como mantener una similar estadística de contaje. En este trabajo se apuntan los problemas que estos requerimientos representan tanto para el diseño técnico de los tomógrafos como para la realización de los experimentos, y desde esta perspectiva se analizan las soluciones tecnológi-cas más relevantes. Finalmente, se comentan brevemente algunas características de sistemas disponibles hoy comercialmente (microPET y FOCUS, HiDAC, eXplore VISTA, MOSAIC, YAP-(S)PET y rPET). TECHNICAL LIMITATIONS OF THE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) FOR SMALL LABORATORY ANIMALSAbstract.-Visualization and quantification of organ function by PET in small laboratory animals is becoming an outstanding tool for characterization of phenotype of transgenic and knock-out animals, for the study of animal models of human diseases, and for the development of new therapeutic drugs and diagnostic biochemical probes. To be able to make use of the PET with small laboratory animals in the same way as it is operated with humans it is necessary to account for the volumetric scale factor as well as for the requirement of maintaining the counting statistics. This work sketches the problems that these requirements represent for the technical design of the scanners and for the execution of the experiments. Finally, some characteristics of commercially available scanners (microPET/ FOCUS, HiDAC, eXplore VISTA, MOSAIC, YAP-(S)PET and rPET) are briefly discussed. PRESENTACIÓNLos últimos avances en instrumentación para imagen médica han conducido al diseño y desarrollo de sistemas de imagen molecular especialmente dedicados a la obtención de imágenes de pequeños animales de laboratorio, imposibles de conseguir con la instrumentación diseñada para humanos 1,2 . Estos equipos se usan fundamentalmente para investigación traslacional en biología molecular y medicina; se da la circunstancia de que el mayor número de modelos de enfermedades humanas, tanto en neurología como en cardiología y oncología, se ha desarrollado sobre roedores, debido al buen conocimiento de estos modelos y su bajo coste 3 . La evolución de la genómica y de la biología molecular, así como la investigación con animales modificados genéticamente 4 ha impulsado el desarrollo de sistemas no invasivos de imagen para pequeños animales con el fin de poder realizar estudios longitudinales en periodos de tiempo relativamente largos, experimentos en los que es necesaria la supervivencia del animal 5,6 . Sin embargo la disponibilidad y el acces...

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Detectors Using Radiation Induced Luminescence

Watanabe

2022

Phosphors for Radiation Detectors

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From PET detectors to PET scanners

Cited by 207 publications

References 17 publications

Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph

Time resolution of the plastic scintillator strips with matrix photomultiplier readout for J-PET tomograph

Limitaciones tecnológicas de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) para pequeños animales de laboratorio

Detectors Using Radiation Induced Luminescence

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