“…Early models were often distortion-specific, targeting only one or more specific distortions. Later, more general models have involved training quality prediction models to learn mappings from features to subjective judgments, e.g., BRISQUE [27], V-BLIINDS [28] and BIQME [29], which make use of natural scene statistics (NSS) models; BPRI [30], [31], which utilizes a pseudo reference image, TLVQM [32], which deploys a simplified motion estimator, and more recent deep learning models, like NIMA [33], PaQ-2-PiQ [34], PQR [35], DLIQA [36], and more [37]. There are also completely blind (unsupervised) models, like NIQE [38] and IL-NIQE [39].…”