From Pandemic Suspect to the Postvaccine Era: The Haemophilus influenzae

Schuchat, Anne; Messonnier, Nancy Rosenstein

doi:10.1086/511886

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Clinical characteristics of childhood bacterial meningitis have remained similar over time despite the changing epidemiology of the common causative bacteria (110,153,233,249,270,280). Infants may present with nonspecific signs and symptoms such as fever, poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and irritability (97,110,270).…”

Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

2010

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SUMMARY The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.

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Section: Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

2010

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“…Similar trends were observed during 1951–1959 and during 1960–1968 (Beattie, ). Today, most H. influenzae infections occur in underdeveloped countries where routine vaccination is not available (Schuchat & Rosenstein‐Messonier, ). Although there are six different serotypes of polysaccharide capsules identified (A through F), 95% of invasive disease are caused by type b (CDC, ).…”

Section: A Short History Of This Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the article by Schuchat and Rosenstein‐Messonier (), the authors suspect that risk factors for the increased incidence of H . influenzae disease observed by Dworkin, Park, and Borchardt were because of advanced age, immunosuppression, pulmonary manifestations, and chronic lung disease brought on by waning immunity from childhood exposure to this bacteria (Schuchat & Rosenstein‐Messonier, ). In the Rubach et al () study conducted in Utah over a period of 10 years (1998–2008), the increase in H .…”

Section: Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent trends of invasive disease among susceptible adults, especially those 65 years and above, indicate an increase in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infections (Dworkin, Park, & Borchardt, ). Invasive Hib disease is quite prevalent in underdeveloped countries where vaccinations are not easily available (Schuchat & Rosenstein‐Messonier, ). However, an increasing trend of Hib invasive disease has been observed in the United States (Rubach et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, an increasing trend of Hib invasive disease has been observed in the United States (Rubach et al., ). This trend is associated with several factors, including underimmunization in children, the waning effects of “herd” immunity, complications of comorbidities and immune deficiencies, and lack of research related to Hib vaccination among the adult population (Bockhold, ; Farley et al., ; Schuchat & Rosenstein‐Messonier, ). Since 1985, the vaccination against Hib disease has been readily available in the United States (Beattie, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease and the susceptibility of aggregate hosts

Danuz

2015

Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners

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Purpose Haemophilus influenzae type b bacteria has been responsible for recent increase in invasive disease in the adult population of the United States. This increase in H. influenzae infections is greatest in individuals above 65 years of age. A plausible explanation for this increase may be the changes observed in the epidemiology of invasive H. influenzae type b (Hib) disease and the susceptibility of aggregate hosts. Data sources A comprehensive literature review was conducted from multiple data sources, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, CDC, journal articles, reference texts, and Internet websites. Conclusions The increase in infectious disease caused by H. influenzae type b bacteria is affecting individuals 65 years and older and is preventable. However, Hib vaccines are currently approved for the pediatric population and susceptible adults with certain immune deficiencies. New trends in this invasive disease require reevaluation of current guidelines to include individuals 65 years and older as target population for the polysaccharide Hib vaccine. Implications for practice The changing epidemiology of H. influenzae type b bacteria requires reevaluation of current immunization guidelines regarding Hib vaccination so that it is included in the immunization schedule for adults aged 65 and above.

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2021

Child Neurology

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From Pandemic Suspect to the Postvaccine Era: The Haemophilus influenzae

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis

Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease and the susceptibility of aggregate hosts

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