From non-conventional ideas to multifunctional solvents inspired by green chemistry: fancy or sustainable macromolecular chemistry?

Abstract

The need for designing more green approach of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) results in rapid evolution, enabling its facile scaling-up and moving closer to industrial applications. The main factors taken...

Green materials with promising applications: cyclodextrin-based deep eutectic supramolecular polymers

“…71 The researchers developed macromolecular chemistry by introducing DESs with properties similar to those of ILs. 72,73 Binary DESP systems are the polymerizations of macrocyclic copolymer monomer cyclodextrin (HBA) and HBD precursors constructed by hydrogen bonds and other non-covalent interactions (Table 2). 74,75 The synthesis process of binary DESPs requires no additional chemicals.…”

Oxygen‐enhanced superoxido copper‐catalyzed ATRP accelerated by light

“…In addition, the vast majority of these approaches start with the rather stable deactivator (e.g., Cu(II)Br) and rely on the in ‐ situ reduction of Cu(II)Br to Cu(I)Br through various external stimuli 27–29 . For instance, activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP utilizes a chemical stimulus, typically a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid, to continuously regenerate the activator thus allowing for a successful ATRP at very mild conditions and in the presence of a low amount of catalyst 27,30,31 . Photo‐ATRP also employs air‐stable metal salts and under either UV or visible light irradiation (usually UV), a fast and controlled polymerization can be triggered resulting in well‐defined homo‐ and block copolymers with high end‐group fidelity 32–35 .…”

“…[27][28][29] For instance, activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP utilizes a chemical stimulus, typically a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid, to continuously regenerate the activator thus allowing for a successful ATRP at very mild conditions and in the presence of a low amount of catalyst. 27,30,31 Photo-ATRP also employs air-stable metal salts and under either UV or visible light irradiation (usually UV), a fast and controlled polymerization can be triggered resulting in well-defined homo-and block copolymers with high endgroup fidelity. [32][33][34][35] It is noted that photo-ATRP typically does not showcase excellent temporal control as noticeable monomer conversion can also be achieved in the dark.…”

Vegetable Oil as a Continuous Phase in Inverse Emulsions: ARGET ATRP for Synthesis of Water-Soluble Polymers

“…Over the years, various ATRP techniques have been developed to improve various environmental aspects, such as dramatically diminished copper catalyst loading from thousands to single digits of ppm loading by continuous regeneration of transition metal catalyst complex. This is accomplished by the reduction of deactivators (Cu­(II)/L) to activators (Cu­(I)/L) by chemical reducing agents, e.g., ascorbic acid, − glucose, zerovalent metal, − and also external factors including electric current, ultrasonic waves, , and light. − One of the research directions in ATRP is polymerization in aqueous and dispersed media ,, or using nontoxic biobased solvents derived from biomass . The polymerization of hydrophilic monomers is attractive because they dissolve in water and do not require organic solvents.…”

“…15−17 One of the research directions in ATRP is polymerization in aqueous 18 and dispersed media 3,4,19 or using nontoxic biobased solvents derived from biomass. 20 The polymerization of hydrophilic monomers is attractive because they dissolve in water and do not require organic solvents. However, side reactions in water prevent the synthesis of polymers with high molecular weight, low dispersity, and controlled topology and architecture.…”