From muscle to food: oxidative challenges and developmental anomalies in poultry breast muscle

Lilburn, M. S.; Griffin, Jacqueline Reedy; Wick, Macdonald

doi:10.3382/ps/pey409

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Up-regulation of genes related to hypertrophy in affected birds is in line with higher breast muscle yield in affected birds [4,6,7]. In fact, speculation on the cause of wooden breast and related muscle disorders has focused largely on impaired oxygen supply and buildup of metabolic waste resulting from sustained rapid growth of the pectoralis major [120,121,122,123]. However, up-regulation of genes involved in hypertrophy may also be part of the disease process, causing excessive growth of pectoralis major in affected chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

Lake

Papah

Abasht

2019

Genes

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Wooden breast is a muscle disorder affecting modern commercial broiler chickens that causes a palpably firm pectoralis major muscle and severe reduction in meat quality. Most studies have focused on advanced stages of wooden breast apparent at market age, resulting in limited insights into the etiology and early pathogenesis of the myopathy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify early molecular signals in the wooden breast transcriptional cascade by performing gene expression analysis on the pectoralis major muscle of two-week-old birds that may later exhibit the wooden breast phenotype by market age at 7 weeks. Biopsy samples of the left pectoralis major muscle were collected from 101 birds at 14 days of age. Birds were subsequently raised to 7 weeks of age to allow sample selection based on the wooden breast phenotype at market age. RNA-sequencing was performed on 5 unaffected and 8 affected female chicken samples, selected based on wooden breast scores (0 to 4) assigned at necropsy where affected birds had scores of 2 or 3 (mildly or moderately affected) while unaffected birds had scores of 0 (no apparent gross lesions). Differential expression analysis identified 60 genes found to be significant at an FDR-adjusted p-value of 0.05. Of these, 26 were previously demonstrated to exhibit altered expression or genetic polymorphisms related to glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus in mammals. Additionally, 9 genes have functions directly related to lipid metabolism and 11 genes are associated with adiposity traits such as intramuscular fat and body mass index. This study suggests that wooden breast disease is first and foremost a metabolic disorder characterized primarily by ectopic lipid accumulation in the pectoralis major.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

Lake

Papah

Abasht

2019

Genes

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“…In addition they confirmed the findings of the gene expression studies reporting evidence of hypoxia and oxidative stress within the affected fillets. Both hypoxia and oxidative stress have been proposed as causes of the histological abnormalities seen in affected muscle tissue (Sihvo et al, 2014;Velleman and Clark, 2015) which could be linked to discord between muscle fibre size and vascular supply leading to a compartment syndrome (Lilburn et al, 2019). Overall, these studies indicate that there are differences in a range of metabolic, anatomical and structural biological processes within the muscle of affected birds when compared to unaffected breast muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Characterising the Influence of Genetics on Breast Muscle Myopathies in Broiler Chickens

Bailey

Souza²,

Avendaño

2020

Front. Physiol.

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This report provides the first estimates of the genetic basis of all key breast muscle myopathies (BMM) in broiler chickens [Deep pectoral myopathy, wooden breast, white striping and spaghetti breast] and their relationship with body weight and breast yield. Data from a pure bred high yielding commercial broiler line were analysed to estimate the genetic parameters using a multivariate animal model with the appropriate fixed effects and permanent environmental effect of the dam. Heritabilities of the BMM ranged from 0.04 to 0.25 and the genetic correlation of the BMM with body weight and breast yield ranged from-0.06 to 0.41. Here we highlight that the genetic variance of BMM accounts for a low proportion of the phenotypic variance and the BMM have a low genetic relationship with performance traits. The large contribution of residual variance to the phenotypic variance for the BBM was >71.5% which indicates the importance of the non-genetic effects on BMM. The data presented also show that the moderate to low genetic influence for the development of BMM can be used, through balanced selection, to reduce the myopathy incidence in the long term. The impact of genetic selection against BMM was tested empirically by comparing the incidence of WB and % breast yield of a commercial broiler with a high generation (HG) broiler. The HG broiler used represents 2 years of genetic improvement compared to the commercial broiler; the HG broiler had an 18.4% relative decrease in WB and a 1.02% relative increase in breast yield compared to the commercial broiler. This paper describes the relationship between the genetic and non-genetic factors influencing BMM highlighting the importance of understanding the non-genetic effects on myopathy incidence. It also shows that the genetic component of BMM can be reduced whilst at the same time improving breast yield as part of balanced breeding goals.

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“…Myopathies such as wooden breast, white striping, spaghetti meat, and dorsal cranial myopathy significantly impact meat quality, causing substantial economic losses in the poultry industry (Zimermann et al, 2012;Kuttappan et al, 2016;Baldi et al, 2018;Zanetti et al, 2018). Speculation on the causes of these muscle disorders has focused largely on impaired oxygen supply, buildup of metabolic waste, and overstretching or compartmentalization of the muscle due to sustained rapid growth of skeletal muscle and consequent vascular marginalization (Kuttappan et al, 2013;Mudalal et al, 2015;Dalle Zotte et al, 2017;Lilburn et al, 2018). While each of these may well be a contributing factor, a critical analysis of the literature and findings in our laboratory has prompted us to submit a new hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucolipotoxicity: A Proposed Etiology for Wooden Breast and Related Myopathies in Commercial Broiler Chickens

Lake

Abasht

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Wooden breast is one of several myopathies of fast-growing commercial broilers that has emerged as a consequence of intensive selection practices in the poultry breeding industry. Despite the substantial economic burden presented to broiler producers worldwide by wooden breast and related muscle disorders such as white striping, the genetic and etiological underpinnings of these diseases are still poorly understood. Here we propose a new hypothesis on the primary causes of wooden breast that implicates dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Our hypothesis addresses recent findings that have suggested etiologic similarities between wooden breast and type 2 diabetes despite their phenotypic disparities. Unlike in mammals, dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism is not accompanied by an increase in plasma glucose levels but generates a unique skeletal muscle phenotype, i.e., wooden breast, in chickens. We hypothesize that these phenotypic disparities result from a major difference in skeletal muscle glucose transport between birds and mammals, and that the wooden breast phenotype most closely resembles complications of diabetes in smooth and cardiac muscle of mammals. Additional basic research on wooden breast and related muscle disorders in commercial broiler chickens is necessary and can be informative for poultry breeding and production as well as for human health and disease. To inform future studies, this paper reviews the current biological knowledge of wooden breast, outlines the major steps in its proposed pathogenesis, and examines how selection for production traits may have contributed to its prevalence.

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From muscle to food: oxidative challenges and developmental anomalies in poultry breast muscle

Cited by 34 publications

References 60 publications

Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

Increased Expression of Lipid Metabolism Genes in Early Stages of Wooden Breast Links Myopathy of Broilers to Metabolic Syndrome in Humans

Characterising the Influence of Genetics on Breast Muscle Myopathies in Broiler Chickens

Glucolipotoxicity: A Proposed Etiology for Wooden Breast and Related Myopathies in Commercial Broiler Chickens

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